Table of Contents
1
UI - 11383862
AU - Valdes Olmos RA; Tanis PJ; Hoefnagel CA; Jansen L; Nieweg OE; Meinhardt
TI -
W; Horenblas S
Penile lymphoscintigraphy for sentinel node identification.
SO - Eur J Nucl Med 2001 May;28(5):581-5
AD - Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Netherlands Cancer Institute,
Amsterdam.
Lymphoscintigraphy for sentinel node (SN) identification has been
extensively validated in breast cancer and melanoma. The aim of this
study was to evaluate the findings of lymphoscintigraphy for SN
identification in carcinoma of the penis. Lymphoscintigraphy was
performed in 74 consecutive patients (mean age 62.2 years, range 28-87
years) with clinically lymph node-negative squamous cell carcinoma of
the penis (stage T2 or greater). Following local anaesthesia by
xylocaine 10% spray, technetium-99m nanocolloid (mean dose 64.8 MBq,
range 40-131 MBq) in a volume of 0.3-0.4 ml was injected intradermally
around the tumour. Shortly after injection, a 20-min dynamic study was
performed with a dual-head gamma camera; subsequently, static anterior
and lateral images were obtained at 30 min and 2 h using simultaneous
cobalt-57 flood source transmission scanning. 57Co-assisted skin marking
defined SN location for gamma probe/blue dye-guided biopsy, which was
performed the next day. The SN visualization rate was 97% (72/74).
Lymphatic drainage was bilateral in 81% of the cases (58/72),
exclusively to the left groin in 13% (9/72) and only to the right groin
in 6%. Bilateral lymph node drainage was synchronous in 38% (22/58) and
asynchronous in 62% (in 18 patients the initial route was the left
groin, and in the other 18, the right groin). Visualization before 30
min occurred in 66 patients (93%), in 64 of them (88%) already during
the dynamic study. A total of 173 SNs were visualized (85 in the right
groin, 88 in the left groin). Pitfalls were caused by inguinal skin
contamination during injection (four patients) and intracavernous
administration (one patient). At surgery, a total of 161 SNs were
identified and removed. Sixteen patients (22%) had a tumour-positive SN
and underwent standard regional lymph node dissection subsequently.
During follow-up (median 28 months, range 3-74 months), two patients
with a negative SN developed lymph node metastases in the mapped basin.
It is concluded that penile lymphoscintigraphy is a valid and
well-tolerated method for lymphatic mapping and SN identification.
Although bilateral early inguinal drainage is the most frequent pattern,
late imaging is recommended principally in patients with initial
unilateral drainage in order to exclude delayed lymph node filling in
the contralateral groin. SN identification may lead to a more accurate
staging and avoid extensive lymph node dissection in the majority of
patients with penile carcinoma.
2
UI - 11455772
AU - de la Pena Zarzuelo E; Carro Rubias C; Sierra E; Delgado JA; Silmi
TI -
Moyano A; Resel Estevez L
[Cutaneous horn of the penis]
SO - Arch Esp Urol 2001 May;54(4):367-8
AD - Servicio y Catedra de Urologia, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid,
Espana.
OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of cutaneous horn of the penis and review
its clinical and histological features. METHODS: The clinical and
histological features of cutaneous horn of the penis are described.
RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS: Cutaneous horn of the penis is an uncommon lesion
that is diagnosed without difficulty. Treatment is by surgery with
sufficient margins due to its possible association with malignant
lesions.
3
UI - 11505538
AU - Tarasov NI; Bavil'skii VF; Gubnitskii DA; Bogdanov AG
TI -
[Doppler ultrasonography of penile vessels in combination with various
methods of erectile stimulation in diagnosis of erectile dysfunction]
SO - Urologiia 2001 May-Jun;(3):28-31
Ultrasonic dopplerographic investigation (Ultramark-9, USA) was made in
227 males. 50 males with normal erection served controls. Stimulation of
erection with an individual LOD-device is a low-invasive, convenient to
standardize technique in ultrasonic dopplerographic examination of
penile vessels for diagnosis of erectile dysfunction. Erection
stimulation by different methods in the same patient during penile
vessel dopplerography raises diagnostic value of this method.
4
UI - 11505547
AU - Panov AV; Shishov IA; Panov PA
TI -
[Papilloma of the seminal tubercle]
SO - Urologiia 2001 May-Jun;(3):45-6
5
UI - 11503931
AU - Bunesch Villalba L; Bargallo Castello X; Vilana Puig R; Burrel Samaranch
TI -
M; Bru Saumell C
Lymphoma of the penis: sonographic findings.
SO - J Ultrasound Med 2001 Aug;20(8):929-31
AD - Hospital Clinic, Servei de Radiodiagnostic, Barcelona, Spain.
6
UI - 11547082
AU - Giesler EJ; Gee JR; Reece GP; Pettaway CA; Pollock RE; Pisters LL
TI -
Cutaneous metastases of penile squamous cell carcinoma following en bloc
resection of inguinal recurrence with immediate pedicle flap
reconstruction.
SO - J Urol 2001 Oct;166(4):1384-5
AD - University of Texas Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA.
7
UI - 11557125
AU - Fujimoto N; Hiraki A; Ueoka H; Harada M
TI -
Metastasis to the penis in a patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the
lung with a review of reported cases.
SO - Lung Cancer 2001 Oct;34(1):149-52
AD - Department of Internal Medicine II, Okayama University Medical School,
2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. nfuji@qc4.so-net.ne.jp
Metastasis to the penis is very rare in lung cancer. We describe a
patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung who developed a
metastatic lesion in the penis. A 75-year-old Japanese male visited a
local hospital complaining cough and bloody sputum. A chest plain
radiograph and computed tomographic (CT) scans of the chest demonstrated
a right hilar mass. He was diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the
lung at stage IIIB (T4N2M0). Then he was treated with concurrent
chemoradiotherapy consisting of cisplatin, docetaxel, and thoracic
irradiation, and after the chemoradiotherapy, he achieved a partial
response. However, 6 months later, he visited an urologist complaining
of firm mass in the penis with slight pain. A biopsy of the corpus
cavernosum penis was performed, which provided a histological diagnosis
of squamous cell carcinoma. The histology of the specimen was consistent
with that of previous lung cancer, so he was considered to have penile
metastasis from squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. Radiotherapy was
given to the metastatic tumor in the penis. The penile tumor was
diminished and the pain was completely relieved. In addition, we review
reported cases to investigate the clinical characteristics and
appropriate management of this rare involvement.
8
UI - 11583947
AU - Rubin MA; Kleter B; Zhou M; Ayala G; Cubilla AL; Quint WG; Pirog EC
TI -
Detection and typing of human papillomavirus DNA in penile carcinoma:
evidence for multiple independent pathways of penile carcinogenesis.
SO - Am J Pathol 2001 Oct;159(4):1211-8
AD - Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan,
USA.
To clarify the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in penile cancer we
evaluated the prevalence of HPV DNA in different histological subtypes
of penile carcinoma, dysplasia, and condyloma using a novel, sensitive
SPF10 HPV polymerase chain reaction assay and a novel genotyping line
probe assay, allowing simultaneous identification of 25 different HPV
types. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples were collected
from the United States and Paraguay. HPV DNA was detected in 42% cases
of penile carcinoma, 90% cases of dysplasia, and 100% cases of
condyloma. There were significant differences in HPV prevalence in
different histological cancer subtypes. Although keratinizing squamous
cell carcinoma and verrucous carcinoma were positive for HPV DNA in only
34.9 and 33.3% of cases, respectively, HPV DNA was detected in 80% of
basaloid and 100% of warty tumor subtypes. There was no significant
difference in HPV prevalence between cases from Paraguay and the United
States. In conclusion, the overall prevalence of HPV DNA in penile
carcinoma (42%) is lower than that in cervical carcinoma (approximately
100%) and similar to vulvar carcinoma (approximately 50%). In addition,
specific histological subtypes of penile cancer--basaloid and warty--are
consistently associated with HPV, however, only a subset of keratinizing
and verrucous penile carcinomas is positive for HPV DNA, and thus these
two tumor groups seem to develop along different pathogenetic pathways.
9
UI - 11598165
AU - Emerson RE; Ulbright TM; Eble JN; Geary WA; Eckert GJ; Cheng L
TI -
Predicting cancer progression in patients with penile squamous cell
carcinoma: the importance of depth of invasion and vascular invasion.
SO - Mod Pathol 2001 Oct;14(10):963-8
AD - Department of Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine,
Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA.
The ability to predict cancer progression may help the clinical
management of patients with penile squamous cell carcinoma. We studied
22 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the penis diagnosed between 1989
and 1998. The depth of invasion was measured from the basement membrane
of the squamous epithelium to the deepest invasive cancer cells. Cancer
progression was defined as the development of lymph node metastasis or
distant metastasis. The mean patient age was 63 years and the mean
follow-up was 28 months. Ten patients developed cancer progression. The
mean depth of invasion among patients with cancer progression was 9.8
mM, as compared to the mean depth of invasion of 4.0 mM among those
patients without cancer progression (P =.02). Vascular invasion was also
predictive of cancer progression (P =.02). Metastases developed in the
majority (6 out of 7) of cases invading more than 6 mM, but developed
only in a minority (4 out of 15) of cases invading 6 mM or less. We
conclude that depth of invasion and vascular invasion are significant
predictors of cancer progression for penile squamous cell carcinoma.
10
UI - 11606156
AU - Snoeck R; Van Laethem Y; De Clercq E; De Maubeuge J; Clumeck N
TI -
Treatment of a bowenoid papulosis of the penis with local applications
of cidofovir in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
SO - Arch Intern Med 2001 Oct 22;161(19):2382-4
AD - Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven,
Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
robert.snoeck@rega.kuleuven.ac.be
11
UI - 11678890
AU - Lalla SC; Aldridge RD; Tidman MJ
TI -
Carcinoma of the penis presenting with dermatomyositis.
SO - Clin Exp Dermatol 2001 Sep;26(6):558
12
UI - 11678772
AU - Davis JW; Schellhammer PF
TI -
Glansectomy: an alternative surgical treatment for Buschke-Lowenstein
tumours of the penis.
SO - BJU Int 2001 Oct;88(6):647
13
UI - 11692608
AU - Sakai Y
TI -
[Penile metastasis from ascending colon carcinoma: a case report]
SO - Hinyokika Kiyo 2001 Sep;47(9):665-7
AD - Department of Urology, Toyoshina Red Cross Hospital.
A 63-year-old man was referred to our hospital with the chief complaint
of penile pain. Four hard tumors existed in his glans. He had priapism
and perineal pain thereafter. Close examination revealed that the penile
tumors were metastatic cancer from the adenocarcinoma of the ascending
colon. Radical operation could not be performed because he was already
suffering from peritonitis carcinomatosa. He died about four months
after his first visit to our hospital.
14
UI - 11484498
AU - Cubilla AL; Reuter V; Velazquez E; Piris A; Saito S; Young RH
TI -
Histologic classification of penile carcinoma and its relation to
outcome in 61 patients with primary resection.
SO - Int J Surg Pathol 2001 Apr;9(2):111-20
AD - Instituto de Patologia e Investigacion, Asuncion, Paraguay.
A retrospective review of the clinical and pathologic features of 61
cases of penile squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), all treated by primary
surgical resection at the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center during
the period 1949-1992, was undertaken. Inguinal lymph node dissection
material was evaluated in 40 cases. All carcinomas were of squamous cell
type and were classified as follows: usual type, 36 cases (59%);
papillary, not otherwise specified (NOS), 9 cases (15%), basaloid, 6
cases (10%); warty (condylomatous), 6 cases (10%); verrucous, 2 cases
(3%), and sarcomatoid, 2 cases (3%). A high rate of nodal metastasis and
poor survival were found for the basaloid and sarcomatoid neoplasms (5
of 7 patients with metastasis, 71%, and 5 of 8 dead of disease, 63%).
Only 1 patient with a verruciform tumor (defined as a tumor of
nonspecific papillary, warty, or verrucous type) had inguinal node
metastasis and none died from penile cancer. An intermediate rate of
metastasis and mortality (14 of 26, 54%, and 13 of 36, 36%,
respectively) was found for typical SCC. Penile carcinomas are
morphologically heterogeneous, and there is a correlation of histologic
type and biologic behavior. This mandates accurate histologic subtyping
by the pathologist.
15
UI - 11696717
AU - Park S; Grossfeld GD; McAninch JW; Santucci R
TI -
Extramammary Paget's disease of the penis and scrotum: excision,
reconstruction and evaluation of occult malignancy.
SO - J Urol 2001 Dec;166(6):2112-6; discussion 2117
AD - Department of Urology, University of California-San Francisco, School of
Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, USA.
PURPOSE: We describe treatment and reconstruction in patients after
surgery for extramammary Paget's disease of the penis and scrotum. We
also investigated whether this disease causes an increased risk of
undiagnosed visceral malignancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the
databases at our institution from 1996 to 2000 and identified 6 men 67
to 87 years old (mean age 76). In addition, we reviewed the literature
on the clinical and pathological features of this disease. RESULTS: In
our 6 patients scrotal involvement was present in 83% and penile
extramammary Paget's disease was present in 33%. Each man underwent wide
local excision and large skin defects were immediately reconstructed
with split-thickness skin grafts. In 1 case extramammary Paget's disease
had spread to the superficial inguinal nodes. At a mean followup of 29
months there has been no local recurrence and internal malignancy has
not been diagnosed. Our literature review revealed 13 patients with
penoscrotal extramammary Paget's disease and visceral malignancy,
including 12 (92%) with malignancy of the genitourinary system.
CONCLUSIONS: Extramammary Paget's disease of the penis and scrotum is a
rare disease that can be managed by excision and immediate
reconstruction with skin grafting or a local skin flap. Disease may
spread to the regional lymph nodes. Although genitourinary cancer may
accompany penoscrotal extramammary Paget's disease, an extensive search
for cancer of the thorax or abdomen may be unnecessary because only 1
reported case of colon cancer has been associated with penile or scrotal
extramammary Paget's disease.
16
UI - 11771091
AU - Sukumar N; Qureshi A
TI -
Adenocarcinoma of rectum metastasizing to penis.
SO - Med J Malaysia 2001 Jun;56(2):255-6
AD - Department of Surgery, Jalan Tenteram, Cheras 56000, Hospital University
Kebangsaan, Malaysia.
An elderly gentleman with adenocarcinoma of the rectum who had
abdominoperineal resection presented with scrotal skin and penile
metastasis. Adenocarcinoma of the rectum metastasizing to the groin and
penis is very rare and few cases have been reported.
17
UI - 11743321
AU - Akashi T; Fuse H; Muraishi Y; Mizuno I; Nagakawa O; Furuya Y
TI -
Parathyroid hormone related protein producing penile cancer.
SO - J Urol 2002 Jan;167(1):249
AD - Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Toyama Medical and
Pharmaceutical University, Toyama, Japan.
18
UI - 11743282
AU - Martins AC; Faria SM; Cologna AJ; Suaid HJ; Tucci S Jr
TI -
Immunoexpression of p53 protein and proliferating cell nuclear antigen
in penile carcinoma.
SO - J Urol 2002 Jan;167(1):89-92; discussion 92-3
AD - Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine of
Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes #3900,
Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil, CEP:14048-900.
PURPOSE: We examined p53 protein and proliferating cell nuclear antigen
immunoexpression as prognostic factors to the outcome of squamous cell
carcinoma of the penis in 50 patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Penectomy
and lymphadenectomy were performed in 14 patients with clinically
positive nodes while 36 with cN0 disease were treated with penectomy and
kept under surveillance that resulted in subsequent lymphadenectomy due
to nodal relapse in 8. Of 21 patients with confirmed nodal metastases 18
died of disease. Immunohistochemical reactions were performed via the
avidin-biotin-immunoperoxidase method and the results were compared with
tumor pT stage, grade, nodal status and cause specific death. RESULTS:
In univariate analysis proliferating cell nuclear antigen staining
showed association only with nodal metastasis (p = 0.04) while p53
staining exhibited correlation with tumor pT stage (p = 0.0005), grade
(p = 0.02), lymphatic spread (p = 0.02) and cause specific survival (p =
0.003). Multivariate analysis showed that p53 immunoreactivity was the
only factor with prognostic significance for disease progression and
cause specific survival. Tumor pT stage, grade and proliferating cell
nuclear antigen staining had no significance for nodal metastases and
cause specific death. CONCLUSIONS: Proliferating cell nuclear antigen
staining had no prognostic value for disease progression. Since p53 over
expression was associated with tumor progression and cause specific
death, perhaps it should be evaluated in staging and therapeutic
planning for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the penis.
19
UI - 11512508
AU - Benejam Gual JM; Garcia-Miralles Gravalos R; Hidalgo Pardo F; Munoz
TI -
Velez D; Hellin Hellin D; Lago Rodriguez J
[Usefulness of the dynamic sentinel node technique in patients with
penile carcinoma]
SO - Actas Urol Esp 2001 Jun;25(6):409-14
AD - Seccion de Urologia, Fundacion Hospital de Manacor, Manacor, Mallorca.
OBJECTIVE: To explain and analyse when and how to use the new staging
technique used in patients with squamous carcinoma of the penis, through
the procedure of dynamic biopsy of the sentinel lymph node. PATIENTS AND
METHODS: We demonstrate the technical application of the dynamic biopsy
of the sentinel lymph node, in a 40-year-old patient, diagnosed as
suffering from squamous carcinoma of the penis. We use preoperative
lymphatic visualization through lymphogammagraphy, together with
intraoperative detection through gamma scanning, in order to detect and
identify the sentinel lymph node. CONCLUSIONS: We consider the dynamic
biopsy of the sentinel node by the individual pattern of the lymphatic
drainage as a new applicable Nuclear Medicina technique. It is an
extremely useful technique in order to achieve early dissemination, by
allowing us to identify patients with sub-clinic lymphatic spread, who
will be candidates to regional lymphatic dissection.
20
UI - 11792907
AU - Crook J; Grimard L; Tsihlias J; Morash C; Panzarella T
TI -
Interstitial brachytherapy for penile cancer: an alternative to
amputation.
SO - J Urol 2002 Feb;167(2 Pt 1):506-11
AD - Department of Radiation Oncology, University Health Network, Princess
Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
PURPOSE: Interstitial brachytherapy is an effective organ sparing
treatment for localized penile squamous cell carcinoma. We report
with primary brachytherapy. Tumor size was 2 to 3 cm. in 8 and greater
than 3 cm. in 14 (maximum 5 cm.). Tumor was well differentiated in 11
patients, moderately in 10, poorly in 2 and unspecified in 6. Histology
was verrucous in 1 patient. All implants complied with the Paris system
of dosimetry, 26 of 30 with rigid steel needles held in a 3-dimensional
array. The prescribed dose was 60 Gy. delivered at an average dose rate
of 68 cGy. hourly for an implant duration of 93 hours. RESULTS: Median
followup was 34 months. There have been 4 local failures yielding an
actuarial local failure-free rate of 85% at 2 years (standard error 8%)
and 76% at 5 years (11%). Each local failure was salvaged with penectomy
(partial in 2 cases). There have been 4 isolated regional failures,
involving 1 to 3 nodes, 3 moderately and 1 poorly differentiated,
salvaged with groin dissection. Two patients with moderately
differentiated T1 squamous cell carcinoma who died of metastatic disease
after inoperable regional and subsequent distant failure. No well
differentiated tumors failed regionally or distantly. Three men died of
other causes with no evidence of recurrence. Function and cosmesis after
implantation have been generally good. Some telangiectasia and
pigmentation changes were common. Two men complained of loss of potency,
3 required dilatation for meatal stenosis and 1 underwent partial
penectomy for radiation necrosis. CONCLUSIONS: Brachytherapy provides
excellent local control of T1 to T2 penile squamous cell carcinoma, with
only 1 of 30 patients requiring partial penectomy for radionecrosis.
Despite excellent local control, 50% of moderately or poorly
differentiated tumors recurred distantly or regionally. We recommend
planned staging superficial inguinal node dissection 3 months after
implantation for moderately and/or poorly differentiated tumors with
clinically negative groins.
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