Anirban K. Mitra, Ph.D., from the University of Chicago, and colleagues compared miRNA expression in cancer-associated fibroblasts from patients with ovarian cancer and normal or tumor-adjacent fibroblasts.

The researchers found that two miRNAs were downregulated (miR-31 and miR-214) and one was upregulated (miR-155) in cancer-associated fibroblasts. Replicating this pattern of expression in normal fibroblasts converted them into cancer-associated fibroblasts, while correcting this expression pattern in cancer-associated fibroblasts converted them into normal fibroblasts. Cancer-associated fibroblasts had increased expression of chemokines known to be important for their function, particularly the chemokine C-C motif ligand 5, which was a direct target of miR-214.

"These results indicate that ovarian cancer cells reprogram fibroblasts to become cancer-associated fibroblasts though the action of miRNAs," Mitra and colleagues conclude. "Targeting these miRNAs in stromal cells could have therapeutic benefit."

Abstract
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