- Cancer Types
Information about risk, prevention, screening, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and support for all cancers Cancer A to Z - Cancer Treatment
Cancer Treatment
Information about cancer treatment, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, clinical trials, proton therapy, complementary medicine, and cutting edge technologies.
- Risk and Prevention
- Cancer Drugs
- Support
Support
Ways for cancer patients and caregivers to cope with cancer, side effects, nutrition, general cancer support issues, grief/end of life issues, and shared survivor's experiences.
- Healthcare Professionals
- Clinical Trials
My Patient Treatment Binder
OncoLink Blogs
What's My Cancer Risk?
OncoPilot: Navigating Your Cancer Journey
Community Events Calendar
OncoLink eNews
Abramson Cancer CenterNCI CANCERLIT® Search: Diagnosis-Histopathology-Pathogenesis of Liver Cancer - March 2002
National Cancer Institute®
Last Modified: March 1, 2002
Table of Contents
1
UI - 11840609
AU - Khokhar N
TI -
Multi locular presentation of hepatocellular carcinoma.
SO - J Pak Med Assoc 2001 Nov;51(11):407-8
AD - Department of Medicine, Shifa International Hospital, Shifa College of
Medicine, Islamabad.
2
UI - 11821800
AU - Sugimachi K; Tanaka S; Terashi T; Taguchi K; Rikimaru T; Sugimachi K
TI -
The mechanisms of angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma: angiogenic
switch during tumor progression.
SO - Surgery 2002 Jan;131(1 Suppl):S135-41
AD - Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences,
Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
Solid tumors constantly require a vascular supply for their progression
and metastasis. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is known to gain its
hypervascularity during the process of dedifferentiation and
progression. Various angiogenic growth factors and inhibitors regulate
this angiogenic switch of HCC. The known endothelial cell-specific
growth factors and their receptors can be classified into the vascular
endothelial growth factor and angiopoietin families. Both vascular
endothelial growth factors and angiopoietins have been found to work
cooperatively, and both are essential for HCC angiogenesis. Because
small and ill-vascularized HCCs slowly progress and only rarely
metastasize, antiangiogenic therapy could therefore be a promising
anticancer strategy for HCC.
3
UI - 11821802
AU - Adachi E; Maehara S; Tsujita E; Taguchi K; Aishima S; Rikimaru T;
TI -
Yamashita Y; Tanaka S
Clinicopathologic risk factors for recurrence after a curative hepatic
resection for hepatocellular carcinoma.
SO - Surgery 2002 Jan;131(1 Suppl):S148-52
AD - Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences,
Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
BACKGROUND: The long-term prognosis after resection for patients with
hepatocellular carcinoma is still unsatisfactory because of the high
recurrence rate. The survival of patients with multiple intrahepatic or
extrahepatic recurrence is especially poor. METHODS: Among the patients
who underwent hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma between
1981 and 2000, 216 patients with 3 or less than 3 intrahepatic
recurrences (group B); 156 patients with more than 3 intrahepatic
recurrences, extrahepatic recurrences, or both (group C); and 51
patients who survived more than 5 years without recurrence (group A)
were clinicopathologically studied. RESULTS: The period to recurrence of
group C was significantly earlier than that of group B and also showed a
significantly poor prognosis after recurrence. Tumor factors, including
size, portal venous invasion, intrahepatic metastasis, histologic grade,
or the number of tumors at resection in group C was significantly worse
than in groups A and B. Although no differences are recognized in the
tumor factors between groups A and B, except for the alpha-fetoprotein
level, liver function in group B was significantly worse than that in
group A. In addition, the frequency of hepatitis B surface antigen in
group B and that of hepatitis C virus in group B was significantly less
and higher than that in group A, respectively. CONCLUSION: Similar to
extrahepatic metastasis, multinodular recurrences are also mainly caused
by metastatic recurrence from the main tumor by means of the portal
system, and recurrences with up to 3 intrahepatic nodules are mainly
caused by metachronous multicentric hepatocarcinogenesis. Because the
mechanisms of recurrence differed, determining the patterns of
recurrence on the basis of the clinicopathologic findings is important
for selecting the optimal postoperative therapy for each individual
patient.
4
UI - 11821803
AU - Kanematsu T; Furui J; Yanaga K; Okudaira S; Shimada M; Shirabe K
TI -
A 16-year experience in performing hepatic resection in 303 patients
with hepatocellular carcinoma: 1985-2000.
SO - Surgery 2002 Jan;131(1 Suppl):S153-8
AD - Department of Surgery II, Nagasaki University School of Medicine,
Nagasaki, Japan.
BACKGROUND: Hepatic resection is an accepted therapeutic modality for
hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Over the past 2 decades, liver surgery
has evolved to a refined and deliberate operation. In the present study
surgical results are analyzed with an aim toward further improving the
treatment of HCC. METHODS: We studied 303 patients with HCC who
underwent a hepatic resection at 2 university hospitals from 1985
through 2000. Living-related liver transplantation was a procedure of
choice in 1 patient with early staged HCC. Fifty-five percent of the
patients had associated cirrhosis. Before the operation, the liver
function was mainly evaluated with the indocyanine green retention test.
RESULTS: The mortality rate within 30 days after the operation was 1.6%.
One-, 3-, 5-, 10-, and 15-year cumulative survival rates were 84%, 67%,
51%, 20%, and 11%, respectively. The tumor stage I and II groups showed
superior survival rates to those of the tumor stage III and IV groups,
respectively, and the difference was statistically significant. The
disease-free survival curves, however, showed the rate to be 27% at 5
years and 11% at 10 years. CONCLUSIONS: Although the surgical results
have greatly improved in the treatment of HCC, the recurrence rate is
still high. In carefully screened patients with poor liver function and
small HCC, liver transplantation enhances the possibility of cure.
5
UI - 11868777
AU - Tanikawa K
TI -
A message to Japan.
SO - Oncology 2002;62 Suppl 1():101-2
AD - Kurume Research Center, International Institute for Liver Research,
Japan. tanikawa@kurume.ktarn.or.jp
6
UI - 11868778
AU - Suzuki H
TI -
A message to Asia.
SO - Oncology 2002;62 Suppl 1():103-4
AD - Yamanashi Medical University, Japan.
7
UI - 11868793
AU - Hayashi N; Kasahara A
TI -
Interferon for decreasing the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in
patients with chronic hepatitis C.
SO - Oncology 2002;62 Suppl 1():87-93
AD - Department of Molecular Therapeutics, Osaka University Graduate School
of Medicine, Suita, Japan. hayashin@moltx.med.osaka-u.ac.jp
The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Japan has kept
increasing during the past few decades. Persistent infection with
hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the single most frequent cause of HCC in
Japan at present. Interferon is the only reliable means of eradicating
HCV infection, and by inference, preventing HCC associated with it.
Since interferon is not effective in all the patients with chronic
hepatitis C, it needs to be used with utmost discretion. The incidence
of HCC is decreased not only in the patients who respond to interferon
completely, accompanied by the loss of HCV RNA from serum, but also in
those who obtain normal levels of aminotransferase while HCV persists
after interferon. The patients who poorly respond to interferon need to
be treated by other means of suppressing necroinflammatory processes in
chronic hepatitis C, which is expected to retard the development of HCC.
8
UI - 11665750
AU - Feitelson M
TI -
Chronic hepatitis C virus infection and the pathogenesis of
hepatocellular carcinoma.
SO - Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2001;49 Suppl 2():S65-74
AD - Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center,
Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
Mark.Feitelson@mail.tju.edu
There is a strong epidemiologic relationship between chronic hepatitis C
virus (HCV) infection and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma,
although the cellular and molecular mechanisms of tumor formation remain
to be firmly established. Clearly, HCV is associated with the
development of chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis, so it may contribute to
hepatocarcinogenesis as a consequence of its central role in the
appearance and progression of necroinflammatory liver disease. There is
also increasing evidence for a direct contribution of several HCV gene
products to the development of the transformed phenotype, although none
of the putative mechanisms involved in tumor formation have been
strongly supported by in vivo evidence. Even if HCV is not shown to be a
complete carcinogen, it may act as a co-carcinogen with underlying
(serologically negative) hepatitis B virus infection, in the context of
alcoholic cirrhosis, and in patients with long term exposure to chemical
hepatocarcinogens such as aflatoxin B1.
9
UI - 11777211
AU - Charuruks N; Tangkijvanich P; Voravud N; Chatsantikul R; Theamboonlers
TI -
A; Poovorawan Y
Clinical significance of p53 antigen and anti-p53 antibodies in the sera
of hepatocellular carcinoma patients.
SO - J Gastroenterol 2001 Dec;36(12):830-6
AD - Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn
University and Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.
BACKGROUND: To analyze the clinical significance of serum p53 protein
and anti-p53 antibodies as serological markers for hepatocellular
carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: We studied clinical data, i.e., age, sex,
etiology, serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level. TMN staging, and Okuda
staging in 141 patients with HCC. The sera of these patients were
analyzed for serum p53 protein and serum anti-p53 antibodies by
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: Serum p53 antigen
and serum anti-p53 antibodies were detected in the sera of 32 of the 141
(22.7%) patients and 26 of the 141 patients (18.4%), respectively. Of
note, the HCC patients who were positive for p53 antigen (32/141) had no
circulating anti-p53 antibodies. When both these groups of patients were
combined as a serum p53 status-positive group, the total number in this
group was 58 (41.1 %). Positive status of p53 was not associated with
age (P = 0.206), serum alpha-fetoprotein level (P = 0.851). Okuda
staging (P = 0.243), or survival (P = 0.078), but was correlated
significantly with TMN staging (P = 0.049). Interestingly, a shorter
survival time (mean, 3.9 months) was noted in the serum p53
status-positive group. in comparison with the longer survival time
(mean, 6.5 months) in the serum p53 status-negative group. CONCLUSIONS:
Combination of the detection of serum p53 antigen and antibodies by
ELISA may represent a suitable noninvasive investigation in assessing
the clinical implications and prognoses of patients with HCC.
10
UI - 11777218
AU - Sakamoto M
TI -
P53 in sera for the early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma.
SO - J Gastroenterol 2001 Dec;36(12):865-6
11
UI - 11853229
AU - Wen WN
TI -
Methemoglobin contributes to the growth of human tumor cells.
SO - Life Sci 2002 Jan 11;70(8):907-16
AD - Institute of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan
University, Taipei. wwn@ha.mc.ntu.edu.tw
Methemoglobin (metHb) has been reported to be present in areas
surrounding solid tumors. The effects of human metHb on the growth of
one human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line and one human glioma cell
line that simply replicate in Ham's nutrient mixture F12 (F12) were
investigated. MetHb, depending on its concentration, stimulated or
inhibited the in vitro growth of both cancer cell lines. The stimulatory
or inhibitory effect was due to the release of hemin from metHb, which
was recognized by its characteristic light absorption spectrum. The
possibility of metHb or hemin acting initially through a 3', 5'-cyclic
guanosine monophosphate- (cGMP-) or prostaglandin E2- (PGE2-) mediated
pathway to enhance cell growth was excluded. Ferric iron derived from
the catabolic degradation of hemin increased cell growth, whereas
biliverdin (Bv) and its reduction product, bilirubin (Br), decreased
cell growth. Hemoglobin oxidized to metHb in conditions found in tumors
showing neovascularization and hemorrhage may contribute significantly
to increased proliferation of cancerous cells.
12
UI - 11857308
AU - Kusano N; Okita K; Shirahashi H; Harada T; Shiraishi K; Oga A; Kawauchi
TI -
S; Furuya T; Sasaki K
Chromosomal imbalances detected by comparative genomic hybridization are
associated with outcome of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
SO - Cancer 2002 Feb 1;94(3):746-51
AD - Department of Pathology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Ube,
Japan. 2byouri@po.cc.yamaguchi-u.ac.jp
BACKGROUND: Biologic characteristics of tumors are greatly affected by
genetic aberrations. However, to the authors' knowledge there is no
study that shows that cytogenetic information is useful for estimating
prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS:
Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) analysis was performed in 41
HCCs to examine whether the analysis of cytogenetic aberrations allows
us to estimate biologic behavior of HCC. RESULTS: Tumor recurrence was
linked to the loss at 13q (P = 0.0027) and to the number of DNA copy
number aberrations (DCNAs; P = 0.0003). The decrease in DNA copy number
at 8p and 13q and amplification at 11q13 were significantly associated
with unfavorable outcome of patients (P = 0.017, P = 0.012, and P =
0.00081, respectively). The number of DCNAs was significantly different
between favorable and poor prognosis patients with HCC; 5.78 +/- 2.7
versus 11.13 +/- 4.8 (P = 0.004), and it was an independent prognostic
marker in HCCs. CONCLUSIONS: The current study indicates that
cytogenetic information provided by CGH is useful for estimating
prognosis of patients with HCC. Copyright 2002 American Cancer Society.
DOI 10.1002/cncr.10254
13
UI - 11857416
AU - Chen TH; Chen CJ; Yen MF; Lu SN; Sun CA; Huang GT; Yang PM; Lee HS;
TI -
Duffy SW
Ultrasound screening and risk factors for death from hepatocellular
carcinoma in a high risk group in Taiwan.
SO - Int J Cancer 2002 Mar 10;98(2):257-61
AD - Institute of Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National
Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Although previous studies have demonstrated the ability of
ultrasonography (US) screening to detect small asymptomatic
hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the efficacy of US screening in reducing
deaths from HCC still remained unresolved. A 2-stage screening program
was designed to identify a high risk group in 7 townships in Taiwan by 6
markers (of risk for HCC) and repeated US screening was further applied
to those with at least 1 positive result for the 6 markers, with a range
of 3- to 6-month inter-screening intervals to those with liver cirrhosis
or other chronic liver diseases and an annual screening regime for the
remaining subjects with normal findings according to US. The 4,843
subjects in this cohort were followed up for an average of 7 years. We
compared 4,385 attenders with 458 non-attenders, in conjunction with
baseline assessment for self-selection bias. In addition, we assessed
baseline variables with respect to their effects on risk of incidence of
and mortality from HCC and on risk of incidence of liver cirrhosis. The
difference in mortality between attenders and non-attenders was then
re-estimated adjusting for significant predictors of cirrhosis, HCC
incidence and HCC death as a further guard against baseline differences
between attenders and non-attenders in risk profiles. Results of US
screening for this high risk group found the mortality was lower by 24%
(95% CI: -52 to 62%) in the attenders compared to the non-attenders.
After adjustment for sensitivity, the mean sojourn time (MST) were 1.57
(95% CI: 0.94-4.68) for subjects with liver cirrhosis and 2.66 (95% CI:
1.68-6.37) years for non-cirrhotic patient. Significant increases in
risk of HCC incidence were associated with increasing age, male gender,
hepatitis B surface antigen positive (HbsAg), hepatitis C antibody
positive (Anti-HCV), high levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and
alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and a family history of HCC. Significantly
increased risks of liver cirrhosis were associated with predictors of
cirrhosis were increasing age, HbsAg, high levels of ALT and of AFP.
Significant or borderline significant increases in risk of HCC death
were associated with increasing age, male gender, HbsAg, high levels of
AST and AFP. Adjusted for the significant variables, the mortality was
lower by 41% (95% CI: -20 to 71%, p = 0.1446) in the attenders compared
to the non-attenders. The present study provides suggestive evidence on
the efficacy of US screening in a selective high risk group in an
endemic area of hepatitis B. A randomized controlled trial would yield
definitive evidence. Within the protocol of such a trial, a shorter
interscreening interval for patients with liver cirrhosis is suggested.
Copyright 2001 Wileyb Liss, Inc.
14
UI - 11808134
AU - Matsumura M
TI -
[Primary liver cancer]
SO - Nippon Rinsho 2001 Nov;59 Suppl 7():292-300
AD - Institute for Adult Diseases, Asahi Life Foundation.
15
UI - 11156258
AU - Utsunomiya T; Shimada M; Rikimaru T; Sugimachi K; Ohkura KI; Kaku S;
TI -
Yamada K; Taguchi KI
Correspondence re: M. Kondo et al., Increased expression of COX-2 in
nontumor liver tissue is associated with shorter disease-free survival
in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin. Cancer Res., 5:
4005-4012, 1999.
SO - Clin Cancer Res 2000 Dec;6(12):4965-6
16
UI - 11754328
AU - Pena CS; Saini S; Baron RL; Hamm BA; Morana G; Caudana R; Giovagnoni A;
TI -
Villa A; Carriero A; Mathieu D; Bourne MW; Kirchin MA; Pirovano G;
Spinazzi A
Detection of malignant primary hepatic neoplasms with gadobenate
dimeglumine (Gd-BOPTA) enhanced T1-weighted hepatocyte phase MR imaging:
results of off-site blinded review in a phase-II multicenter trial.
SO - Korean J Radiol 2001 Oct-Dec;2(4):210-5
AD - The Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention, Department of
Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School,
Boston, MA 02114, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of gadobenate dimeglumine
(Gd-BOPTA) enhanced MR imaging for the detection of liver lesions in
patients with primary malignant hepatic neoplasms. MATERIALS AND
METHODS: Thirty-one patients with histologically proven primary
malignancy of the liver were evaluated before and after administration
of Gd-BOPTA at dose 0.05 or 0.10 mmol/kg. T1-weighted spin echo (T1W-SE)
and gradient echo (T1W-GRE) images were evaluated for lesion number,
location, size and confidence by three off-site independent reviewers
and the findings were compared to reference standard imaging
(intraoperative ultrasound, computed tomography during arterial
portography or lipiodol computed tomography). Results were analyzed for
significance using a two-sided McNemar's test. RESULTS: More lesions
were identified on Gd-BOPTA enhanced images than on unenhanced images
and there was no significant difference in lesion detection between
either concentration. The largest benefit was in detection of lesions
under 1 cm in size (7 to 21, 9 to 15, 16 to 18 for reviewers A, B, C
respectively). In 68% of the patients with more than one lesion,
Gd-BOPTA increased the number of lesions detected. CONCLUSION: Liver MR
imaging after Gd-BOPTA increases the detection of liver lesions in
patients with primary malignant hepatic neoplasm.
17
UI - 11793048
AU - Bartolozzi C; Lencioni R
TI -
Contrast-specific ultrasound imaging of focal liver lesions. Prologue to
a promising future.
SO - Eur Radiol 2001;11 Suppl 3():E13-4
AD - Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Department of
Oncology, Transplants, and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, University
of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
18
UI - 11793050
AU - Leen E
TI -
The role of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the characterisation of
focal liver lesions.
SO - Eur Radiol 2001;11 Suppl 3():E27-34
AD - Department of Radiology, University of Glasgow, Scotland.
19
UI - 11810775
AU - Yan F; Zhou K; Shen J
TI -
[Comparison of enhancement patterns of multi-phase scan of dynamic MRI
and dynamic CT in small hepatocellular carcinoma]
SO - Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2001 Sep;23(5):413-6
AD - Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Medical Center of Fudan
University, Shanghai 200032, China.
OBJECTIVE: To study prospectively the enhancement features of
multi-phase scan of dynamic MRI and spiral CT in the diagnosis of small
hepatocellular carcinoma (SHCC) and to discuss the cause of dynamic MRI
being superior to spiral CT. METHODS: Multi-phase contrast scanning of
dynamic MR and spiral CT were done in 53 SHCC patients. The lesions were
proved by surgery and pathology. The arterial-phase, portal venous-phase
and delayed phase scan of spiral CT were carried out after the
pre-contrast scanning of the entire liver. MRI was performed with SE
sequence and FMPSPGR sequence dynamic multi-phase contrast scans.
RESULTS: Seventy-six lesions were found in 53 patients. Sixty-nine
lesions and 54 lesions were enhanced obviously in MR and spiral CT
arterial-phase scans. The typical enhancement patterns of SHCC in the
arterial-phase, portal venous-phase and delayed phase scan of MRI and
spiral CT were hyper-hypo-hypointense (dense) and hyperintense
(hyperdense), -isointense (isodense) and -hypointense (hypodense).
Atypical enhancement patterns were hyperintense (hyperdense),
-hyperintense (hyperdense), -hyperintense (hyperdense), -hyperintense
(hyperdense), -isointense (isodense), -isointense (isodense) and
-hypointense- (hypodense), -hypointense (hypodense) and -hypointense
(hypodense). CONCLUSION: Both dynamic MRI and spiral CT multi-phase
contrast scanning are able to demonstrate the enhancement features of
SHCC, with arterial-phase scan of MRI being superior to spiral CT in
reflecting the hypervascular characterization of SHCC. Combined with SE
sequence in characterizing the SHCC, MRI is better than spiral CT.
20
UI - 11851840
AU - Nakamura T; Ozawa T; Kawasaki T; Nakamura H; Sugimura H
TI -
Glucose-6-phosphatase gene mutations in 20 adult Japanese patients with
glycogen storage disease type 1a with reference to hepatic tumors.
SO - J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2001 Dec;16(12):1402-8
AD - First Department of Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine,
Shizuoka, Japan.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: A few cases are reported of liver neoplasms
observed in patients with glycogen storage disease type 1a (GSD1a).
Genetic analysis was carried out in adult Japanese patients with GSD1a
and their family members, and hepatic tumors were also investigated in
these patients. METHODS: DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood
lymphocytes of 20 adult patients with GSD1a and 21 family members, and
mutations were detected based on the differences in the polymerase chain
reaction (PCR) products of the glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) gene shown
by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. Actual
mutations were confirmed by direct sequencing. The relationship between
the occurrence of liver tumors and the clinical characteristics of the
patients was also investigated. RESULTS: Nineteen of the 20 patients
were homozygous for the G727T mutation and one was a compound
heterozygote for G727T plus G327A mutations. All of the 19 homozygotes
for G727T had hepatomegaly, three had hepatocellular carcinoma, one had
cholangiocellular carcinoma, and seven had hepatic adenoma. There were
no differences between the tumor and non-tumor groups with respect to
laboratory biochemical data (P > 0.05). The mean age of G727T
homozygotes with hepatocellular carcinoma was 48.3 years, and that of
those with hepatic adenoma was approximately 20 years younger.
CONCLUSION: The G727T mutation seems to be common among Japanese
patients with GSD1a, and the discovery of one heterozygote with a
combination of G727T and G327A mutations (the latter mutation is common
among Chinese) by the use of polymerase chain reaction-single strand
conformation polymorphism analysis gave further insight into Japanese
ancestry. This is the first study of liver tumors in a large group of
adult GSD1a patients with the G727T mutation. As most of the patients in
our series are free from other chronic liver diseases such as viral
hepatitis, other genetic and/or acquired factors may have influence on
the sequel to this metabolic disease.
21
UI - 11682034
AU - Fracanzani AL; Taioli E; Sampietro M; Fatta E; Bertelli C; Fiorelli G;
TI -
Fargion S
Liver cancer risk is increased in patients with porphyria cutanea tarda
in comparison to matched control patients with chronic liver disease.
SO - J Hepatol 2001 Oct;35(4):498-503
AD - Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Universita di Milano, Ospedale
Maggiore IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Patients with porphyria and chronic liver disease could
be at high risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma. To define the
incidence of primary liver cancer and identify variables associated with
the risk of cancer in patients with porphyria cutanea tarda in
comparison to control patients. METHODS: Fifty-three patients with
porphyria cutanea tarda were enrolled in a prospective study (median
follow-up 72 +/- 54.1 months; range 12-216) and matched individually to
a control case according to age (+/-5 years), sex, duration of follow up
(+/- 5 years), severity of liver disease, and hepatitis C virus
infection. RESULTS: During follow-up hepatocellular carcinoma developed
in 18 patients with porphyria and in four control patients. Incidence of
primary liver cancer was 4.8 and 1.3 x 100 patients/year in the overall
series of patients and of controls, respectively. The cumulative
probability of being tumor free was significantly lower in porphyria
cutanea tarda than in matched controls (75 vs 95%). Variables
independently associated with the risk of liver cancer were the presence
of porphyria and cirrhosis at enrollment (Odds ratios: 5.3, 95% CI
1.4-19.3 and 3.0, 95% CI 1.2-7.6, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Patients
with porphyria are at higher risk of developing liver cancer than
matched control patients.
22
UI - 11866295
AU - Miyakawa H; Fujikawa H; Kikuchi K; Kitazawa E; Kawashima Y
TI -
Irregular regeneration of hepatocytes and development of hepatocellular
carcinoma in primary biliary cirrhosis.
SO - Am J Gastroenterol 2002 Feb;97(2):488
23
UI - 11750132
AU - Jiang J; Yu L; Huang X; Chen X; Li D; Zhang Y; Tang L; Zhao S
TI -
Identification of two novel human dynein light chain genes, DNLC2A and
DNLC2B, and their expression changes in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues
from 68 Chinese patients.
SO - Gene 2001 Dec 27;281(1-2):103-13
AD - State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics,
School of Life Science, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai
200433, PR China.
Two full-length cDNAs, DNLC2A and DNLC2B, were cloned and characterized.
Their open reading frames respectively encode 96 amino acids which are
most closely homologous to roadblock/LC7, one member of an ancient
dynein light chain protein family, conserved in nematode, fruit fly,
mouse and rat. The DNLC2A was expressed in 12 of 16 human tissues
examined, with especially strong expression in heart, liver and brain,
whereas there was weak expression in lung, prostate, testis, small
intestine and colon. The expression of DNLC2B was generally high
compared with that of DNLC2A except in liver. Northern blotting and/or
semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis examined the expression changes of
DNLC2A and DNLC2B in 68 hepatocellular carcinoma tissue samples. It was
revealed that DNLC2A was up-regulated (45 out of the 68 cases) while
DNLC2B was down-regulated (44 out of 68 cases), compared with their
adjacent tumor-free liver tissues. Interestingly, among the total 68
liver cancer samples tested, DNLC2A was up-regulated while DNLC2B was
down-regulated in 28 cases; DNLC2A was up-regulated while no obvious
change was observed for DNLC2B in 10 cases; no obvious change was
observed for DNLC2A while DNLC2B was down-regulated in 14 cases.
Although the underlying mechanism is not clear to date, the apparent
up-regulation of DNLC2A and down-regulation of DNLC2B suggest that these
genes might be involved in tumor progression. On the other hand, the
different expression changes of the two homologous genes indicate that
hepatocellular carcinomas are caused by different pathological
mechanisms. In addition, DNLC2A was assigned to human chromosome
20q12-q13.11 near the marker D20S106 by radiation hybrid mapping.
24
UI - 11833325
AU - Nikishin LF; Kondratiuk VA
TI -
[Roentgeno-endovascular surgery of tumoral and traumatic injuries of the
liver]
SO - Klin Khir 2001 Oct;(10):47-9
In 17 patients with primary and metastatic hepatic cancer there was
performed roentgenoendovascular occlusion (REO) of a. hepatica propria
using fine disperse embolizing substances. In 30 patients regional
infusion therapy (RITH) was conducted using preparations of platinum. In
11 patients REO was performed, and than--RITH. Chemical embolization of
a. hepatica propria using cisplatinum in 200 mg dose, suspensed in 12 ml
of mayodil or ethiotrast was done in 12 patients. The survival index for
patients, to whom REO was conducted, had constituted at average (15.3
+/- 3.3) months, RITH--(14.4 +/- 2.6) months, REO and RITH--(20.6 +/-
3.2) months, chemical embolization--(18.3 +/- 1.5) months. REO of a.
hepatica propria was conducted also to the patients with posttraumatic
hemobilia. Of 16 examined patients REO using polyurethane emboli 2-2.5
mm in diameter was conducted in 14, in 2 trans-hepatic injection of
ethanol in the pseudoaneurysm cavity was applied. Hemorrhage was stopped
in all the patients. In 1 patient in 3 months after REO conduction
recurrency occurred, which was eliminated by repeated REO. REO of
tumoral and traumatic hepatic affection constitutes an effective
miniinvasive method when operative intervention is ineffective or not
possible to perform.
25
UI - 11851664
AU - Ko S; Kanehiro H; Hisanaga M; Nagao M; Ikeda N; Nakajima Y
TI -
Liver fibrosis increases the risk of intrahepatic recurrence after
hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma.
SO - Br J Surg 2002 Jan;89(1):57-62
AD - First Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho,
Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan. saihoko@naramed-u.ac.jp
BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) commonly develops in patients
with chronic hepatitis. Intrahepatic recurrence after hepatectomy often
includes nodules of new tumour in the liver remnant. The aim of this
study was to examine hepatitis-related factors that might predict this
type of recurrence. METHODS: The influence of various hepatitis-related
factors on intrahepatic recurrence of HCC was studied by multivariate
analysis in 138 patients who underwent curative resection and were
followed for more than 2 years. RESULTS: The Cox proportional hazard
model showed that histological evidence of fibrosis of the underlying
liver was the most significant predictive factor for intrahepatic
recurrence (P = 0.001). Serum albumin level was also significantly
associated with recurrence (P = 0.038). The relative risks of
histological fibrosis and low serum albumin levels were 8.9 and 1.7
respectively. Among tumour-related factors, only tumour size was
significantly associated with recurrence (P = 0.017). Major hepatectomy
was also an independent risk factor for intrahepatic recurrence (P =
0.004). CONCLUSION: Histological evidence of fibrosis and low serum
albumin levels are useful predictors of intrahepatic recurrence after
hepatectomy, presumably owing to metachronous multifocal tumour in the
liver remnant.
26
UI - 11748914
AU - Li J; Zheng R; Li J; Wang Z
TI -
Mechanisms of the induction of apoptosis in human hepatoma cells by
tumour necrosis factor-alpha.
SO - Cell Biol Int 2001;25(12):1213-9
AD - Center Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan 250021, PR China.
Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) at 20 ng/ml induced apoptosis
in human hepatoma cells in vitro. The effect of TNF-alpha-induced
apoptosis was exacerbated by the hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase (HX/XO)
system and cycloheximide (CHX), but alleviated by superoxide dismutase
(SOD), suggesting that TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis may be due to
oxidative stress, and independent of protein synthesis. TNF-alpha
elevated free Ca(2+)concentration, triggered lipid peroxidation and
decreased the expression of bcl-2 protein. The findings suggest that
TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis may be involved in stimulating
Ca(2+)-dependent endonuclease activity and increasing membrane lipid
peroxidation. Bcl-2 may play a pivotal role in serving as a
Ca(2+)regulator or antioxidant, preventing lipid peroxidation in the
process. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.
27
UI - 11836196
AU - Donato F; Tagger A; Gelatti U; Parrinello G; Boffetta P; Albertini A;
TI -
Decarli A; Trevisi P; Ribero ML; Martelli C; Porru S; Nardi G
Alcohol and hepatocellular carcinoma: the effect of lifetime intake and
hepatitis virus infections in men and women.
SO - Am J Epidemiol 2002 Feb 15;155(4):323-31
AD - Cattedra di Igiene, Universita di Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
donato@med.unibs.it
The authors investigated the dose-effect relation between alcohol
drinking and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in men and women separately,
also considering hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infections. They
enrolled 464 subjects (380 men) with a first diagnosis of HCC as cases
and 824 subjects (686 men) unaffected by hepatic diseases as controls;
all were hospitalized in Brescia, northern Italy, in 1995-2000. Spline
regression models showed a steady linear increase in the odds ratio of
HCC for increasing alcohol intake, for values of >60 g of ethanol per
day, with no substantial differences between men and women. Duration of
drinking and age at start had no effect on the odds ratio when alcohol
intake was considered. Former drinkers who had stopped 1-10 years
previously had a higher risk of HCC than current drinkers did. The
effect of alcohol drinking was evident even in the absence of hepatitis
B or hepatitis C virus infection. In addition, a synergism between
alcohol drinking and either infection was found, with approximately a
twofold increase in the odds ratio for each hepatitis virus infection
for drinkers of >60 g per day.
28
UI - 11850072
AU - Kim DG; Park SY; Kim H; Chun YH; Moon WS; Park SH
TI -
A comprehensive karyotypic analysis on a newly established sarcomatoid
hepatocellular carcinoma cell line SH-J1 by comparative genomic
hybridization and chromosome painting.
SO - Cancer Genet Cytogenet 2002 Jan 15;132(2):120-4
AD - Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal
Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Chonju, South
Korea.
We first established a sarcomatoid hepatocellular carcinoma cell line,
designated as SH-J1, and applied comparative genomic hybridization and
fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with chromosome painting
probes for the characterization of the chromosomal rearrangements. In
the SH-J1 cell line, the pleomorphic spindle cells were arranged in
bundles of interlacing patterns and were positive in immunohistochemical
staining with hepatocyte-related markers. By G-banding and FISH, the
chromosomal gains were detected at 6p and 17, whereas losses were
observed at 3p21-pter, 3q27-qter, 4, 6q, 13pter-q11, 16, 18, 19p13, and
Y.
29
UI - 11866254
AU - Johnson PJ
TI -
Screening for hepatocellular carcinoma--answers to some simple
questions.
SO - Am J Gastroenterol 2002 Feb;97(2):225-6
30
UI - 11866279
AU - Caturelli E; Bartolucci F; Biasini E; Vigliotti ML; Andriulli A; Siena
TI -
DA; Attino V; Bisceglia M
Diagnosis of liver nodules observed in chronic liver disease patients
during ultrasound screening for early detection of hepatocellular
carcinoma.
SO - Am J Gastroenterol 2002 Feb;97(2):397-405
AD - Unita Operativa di Gastroenterologia, Ospedale Casa Sollievo della
Sofferenza IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.
OBJECTIVES: The aim of our study was to evaluate the nature of focal
liver lesions detected during the ultrasound follow-up of a population
(prevalently anti-hepatitis C virus [anti-HCV] positive) with chronic
liver disease. METHODS: The study population consisted of 1827
consecutive newly diagnosed chronic liver disease cases without liver
nodules at enrollment. Patients were screened at 4-month intervals by
ultrasound and serum alpha-fetoprotein assessment. All lesions detected
on imaging studies (except those accompanied by diagnostic a-fetoprotein
levels) were subjected to biopsy (histology and cytology). RESULTS:
During the 7-yr follow-up period (mean = 43.1 months), one or more solid
focal lesions were found in 287 patients. a-Fetoprotein was diagnostic
for hepatocellular carcinoma in 51 patients. Ultrasound-guided
fine-needle biopsy was performed in the remaining 236 patients, yielding
a diagnosis in 214: 198 hepatocellular carcinomas, 11 dysplastic
nodules, and five B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (all confined to the
liver and all in patients with chronic HCV infection). Twenty-two
patients with nondiagnostic biopsies received diagnoses of
hepatocellular carcinoma (20) or dysplastic nodules (two) based on
arteriography or surgical biopsy. CONCLUSIONS: Focal lesions arising in
patients with HCV-related chronic liver disease can be other than
hepatocellular carcinoma, and ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy plays
an important role in their diagnosis. The prevalence of non-Hodgkin's
lymphoma in this selected population was 0.31%. The fact that all five
lymphoma patients had cirrhosis related to hepatitis C strengthens the
hypothesis of an etiological correlation between the latter infection
and B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders.
31
UI - 11678329
AU - Pizem J; Marolt VF; Luzar B; Cor A
TI -
Proliferative and apoptotic activity in hepatocellular carcinoma and
surrounding non-neoplastic liver tissue.
SO - Pflugers Arch 2001;442(6 Suppl 1):R174-6
AD - Institute of Histology and Embryology University of Ljubljana, Medical
Faculty, Slovenia.
The aim of the study was to determine the proliferative and apoptotic
activity of neoplastic and non-neoplastic hepatocytes, to ascertain
whether there was a correlation between the histopathological
characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its proliferative
or apoptotic activity. METHODS: One tumour sample and one sample of
non-neoplastic liver from 16 patients with HCC were analysed. The
proliferative activity was established by immunohistochemical staining
against PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) and Ki-67. Apoptotic
activity was determined by morphological and TUNEL methods. Bcl-2
immunoreactivity was analysed. RESULTS: A positive correlation between
PCNA and Ki-67 proliferative indexes was found in HCC (p < 0.01). The
PCNA index was 0.21% +/- 0.80% (Mean +/- SD) in non-neoplastic liver and
7.41% +/- 8.22% in HCC, while the Ki-67 index was 0.19% +/- 0.26% in
non-neoplastic liver and 9.67% +/- 7.70% in HCC. The differences between
HCC and non-neoplastic liver were significant (p < 0.05). The PCNA index
differed significantly between different HCC grades (p < 0.05). In HCC
and non-neoplastic liver samples, apoptotic indexes (AI) assessed
morphologically were higher than Al determined by the TUNEL method.
Differences in Al (irrespective of the method used) between different
HCC grades were not significant. Bcl-2 staining was positive in one
non-neoplastic liver sample (6.3%) and in 4 HCC samples (25%).
CONCLUSIONS: PCNA and Ki-67 were useful for proliferative activity
assessment of hepatocytes. There were no differences in apoptotic
activity between HCC and non-neoplastic tissue, so it seems that
uncontrolled tumour cell division plays an important role in HCC growth.
In the regulation of the apoptotic process in HCC, Bcl-2 could be
important.
32
UI - 11758105
AU - Tez M; Keskek M
TI -
Is needle biopsy of the liver necessary in staging laparotomy?
SO - Acta Chir Belg 2001 Sep-Oct;101(5):224-5
AD - Department of General Surgery, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine,
Ankara 06100, Turkey.
The purpose of this retrospective study was to examine the necessity of
needle biopsy in staging laparotomy. Between 1988 and 1998, 31 patients
diagnosed with Hodgkin's disease underwent staging laparotomy. All
patients had lymph node sampling from perihilar, coeliac, periaortic and
iliac regions, splenectomy, wedge biopsy of the liver as well as tru-cut
needle biopsies from both liver lobes. Two patients (6.5%) had hepatic
involvement of the liver detected by both wedge and needle biopsies. In
the remaining patients, all biopsies of the liver obtained by either
method were negative. These findings strongly suggest that wedge biopsy
of the liver provides sufficient information for the diagnosis and there
is no need for tru-cut biopsy which has its own complications.
33
UI - 11870388
AU - Griffiths J; Nix B
TI -
Modeling the hepatitis C virus epidemic in France using the temporal
pattern of hepatocellular carcinoma deaths.
SO - Hepatology 2002 Mar;35(3):709-15
AD - Department of Epidemiology, Statistics, and Public Health, University of
Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK.
GriffithsJK1@cardiff.ac.uk
Deuffic et al. developed a compartmentalized model that characterized
the evolution and spread of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) within France.
There were various parameters defining the age- and sex-dependent
transition probabilities between chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis in need
of determination to completely specify their model. These were estimated
by means of a weighted least-squares procedure that was executed
numerically. The objective function used was based on the distribution
of the age at death from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) rather than the
temporal pattern of deaths due to HCC from 1979 to 1995. In this report,
we investigate the impact of using an objective function based on the
temporal pattern of deaths. We show that the dynamics of the epidemic
can be quite different, in particular, short-term prediction of HCC
deaths by HCV infection and times to death from onset of disease.
34
UI - 11783096
AU - Wu F; Wang Z; Chen W
TI -
[Pathological study of extracorporeally ablated hepatocellular carcinoma
with high-intensity focused ultrasound]
SO - Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2001 May;23(3):237-9
AD - Clinical Center for Tumor Therapy, Second Affiliated Hospital of
Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the pathological changes of hepatocellular
carcinoma (HCC) after extracorporeal ablation with high-intensity
focused ultrasound (HIFU). METHODS: A total of 56 patients with HCC was
treated with HIFU. Of the 56 patients treated, 6 underwent surgical
resection of the tumor 5 to 18 days following HIFU treatment The
resected specimens were examined under light and electron microscope.
RESULTS: Light microscope examination showed clear boundary between the
treated and untreated area. Outside of the boundary the hepatic
parenchyma was almost normal. In the treated area, all tumor cells
appeared irreversibly dead in the forms of nuclear pyknosis, debris, and
dissolution. The blood sinusoids were collapsing with endothelial cell
damage. Granulation tissue was formed with the presence of immature
fibroblasts and new capillaries in the boundary region between treated
and untreated area. Eighteen days after HIFU treatment, the ultrasound
damaged area was partially replaced by the proliferative repair tissue.
Electronic microscopic examination showed the distorted tumor cells with
severe destruction of cell organelles and nuclei. The cytoplasm was
irregularly vesiculated, and the membranes of the organelles were
broken. Cell membrane and nuclear membrane disintegration, as well as
nucleus disruption were generally observed. CONCLUSION: Extracorporeal
treatment of HCC with HIFU proved safe, effective, and feasible. This
modality could potentially provide a new and noninvasive therapy for
HCC.
35
UI - 11580145
AU - Sato S; Shiratori Y; Imamura M; Teratani T; Obi S; Koike Y; Imai Y;
TI -
Yoshida H; Shiina S; Omata M
Power Doppler signals after percutaneous ethanol injection therapy for
hepatocellular carcinoma predict local recurrence of tumors: a
prospective study using 199 consecutive patients.
SO - J Hepatol 2001 Aug;35(2):225-34
AD - Department of Gastroenterology, University of Tokyo, Japan.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: This study was prospectively conducted to elucidate the
relationship between pre-/post-treatment power Doppler signals of
hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and local recurrence. METHODS: One
hundred ninety-nine consecutive patients with 359 HCC lesions receiving
percutaneous ethanol injection therapy (PEIT) as a first-line option
were enrolled. Arterial power Doppler signals in the tumor were found in
130 nodules, but not detected in 229. After confirmation of complete
tumor necrosis on dynamic CT, Doppler signals in nodules were
re-evaluated. Patients received periodical examinations to detect HCC
recurrence. RESULTS: Local HCC recurrence was observed in 36 lesions;
22%(28/130) of the pretreatment signal positive lesions, in contrast to
3.5% (8/229) of the pretreatm
Cancer Types
Bone Cancer
Brain Tumors
Breast Cancer
Carcinoid Tumors
Endocrine System Cancers
Gastrointestinal Cancers
Gynecologic Cancers
Head and Neck Cancers
Leukemia
Lung Cancers
Lymphomas
Myelomas
Pediatric Cancers
Penile Cancer
Prostate Cancer
Sarcomas
Skin Cancers
Testicular Cancer
Thyroid Cancer
Urinary Tract Cancers
OncoLink Vet
Cancer Treatment
Biologic Therapy
Bone Marrow Transplants
Chemotherapy
Clinical Trials
Complementary Medicine
Gene Therapy
General Treatment Concerns
Hormone Therapy
PDT Center
Proton Therapy
Radiation Oncology
Surgical Oncology
Targeted Therapies
Vaccine Therapies
Cancer Support
Caregivers
Hospice Care and Bereavement
Nutrition and Cancer
Sexuality & Fertility
Side Effects
Support
Survivorship
Exercise and Cancer
Cancer Resources
Cancer News
OncoLink University
Nurses' Notes
Conferences
Newly Diagnosed Patients
Causes and Prevention
Legal and Financial Information for Patients
LGBT Resources
NCI Resources
Global Resources
Cancer Resource List
Resources for Young Adults
OncoLink Media Library
OncoLink TV
Book, Music and Video Reviews
Ask the Experts
Brown Bag Chat
Tracy's Corner
About OncoLink
About OncoLink
Giving to OncoLink
Contact Information
Usage Policy
Editorial Board
How to Partner with OncoLink
Link to OncoLink
Mission Statement
