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Abramson Cancer CenterNCI CANCERLIT® Search: Diagnosis-Histopathology-Pathogenesis of Liver Cancer - January 2002
National Cancer Institute®
Last Modified: January 1, 2002
Table of Contents
1
UI - 11148566
AU - Yuen MF; Wu PC; Lai VC; Lau JY; Lai CL
TI -
Expression of c-Myc, c-Fos, and c-jun in hepatocellular carcinoma.
SO - Cancer 2001 Jan 1;91(1):106-12
AD - Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary
Hospital, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
BACKGROUND: Increased expression of the proto-oncogene c-myc is a common
phenomenon in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The proto-oncogenes c-fos
and c-jun are involved in cell cycle progression and cellular
proliferation. METHODS: The objective of this study was to elucidate the
mechanism of hepatocarcinogenesis with regard to the expressions of
c-myc, c-fos, and c-jun. One hundred fifty biopsied HCC specimens were
stained immunohistochemically for the above phenotypic markers both in
tumor tissue and in adjacent nontumor tissue. RESULTS: Although the
expression of c-myc was high (74%) in tumor tissue, it was significantly
less compared with the expression in nontumor tissue (100%; P = 0.0002).
The expression of c-myc was inversely proportional to the grade of
differentiation in tumor tissue (P = 0.0108; correlation coefficient [r]
= -0.244); that is, tissue with poorer histologic differentiation had a
lower level of c-myc expression. There were inverse associations between
the expression of c-myc and the expression of mutated p53 (P = 0.0017; r
= -0.285) as well as the expression of Ki67 (P = 0.057; r = -0.147).
There was significantly high expression of c-fos in tumor tissue
compared with the expression in nontumor tissue (91% vs. 0%; P <
0.0001). Both the tumor tissue and the nontumor tissue had high levels
of expression of c-jun (96.53% and 100%, respectively). There was a
trend toward a positive association between the expression of c-fos and
the expression of c-jun in tumor tissue (P = 0.07; r = 0.162).
CONCLUSIONS: Because c-myc is a known inducer of wild type p53,
decreased c-myc expression may lead to uncontrolled cell growth because
of the lack of p53 expression that normally induces apoptosis. The
coordinated expression of c-fos and c-jun in HCC may reflect the
coordinated tumor cell cycle of progression and proliferation; however,
future studies are required to elucidate this possibility. Copyright
2001 American Cancer Society.
2
UI - 11360457
AU - Hopf U
TI -
[Indications for liver biopsy in liver tumors]
SO - Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2001 Apr 20;126(16):480
3
UI - 11436569
AU - Wilson SR; Burns PN
TI -
Liver mass evaluation with ultrasound: the impact of microbubble
contrast agents and pulse inversion imaging.
SO - Semin Liver Dis 2001 May;21(2):147-59
AD - Section of Ultrasound, Toronto General Hospital-University Health
Network, Toronto M4N 3M5, Canada. stephanie.wilson@uhn.on.ca
Liver mass evaluation includes two essential elements--lesion detection
and lesion characterization. Both of these are greatly improved on
sonography with the addition of contrast agents and the use of
specialized imaging techniques, particularly pulse inversion imaging.
Ultrasound contrast agents are comprised of tiny microbubbles of gas
that interact with the ultrasound beam producing an enhancement of the
Doppler signal from blood. Pulse inversion imaging allows preferential
detection of the signal from the microbubble agents with suppression of
the signal from background tissue. Two imaging techniques include a low
mechanical index (MI) nondestructive method to show lesional vascularity
and a high MI destructive mode that produces disruption of the bubbles
in a single frame. The latter allows for quantitative assessment of the
relative enhancement of a lesion as compared with the adjacent liver
parenchyma, which is a reflection of the relative vascular volumes.
Vascular imaging has shown characteristic and reproducible features of
common liver masses, including hemangioma, focal nodular hyperplasia,
hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver metastases. Delayed postvascular
enhancement of the normal liver, a phenomenon that is unique to certain
classes of microbubble contrast agents, allows detection of more and
smaller malignant lesions than on baseline.
4
UI - 11436571
AU - Lin EC; Kuni CC
TI -
Radionuclide imaging of hepatic and biliary disease.
SO - Semin Liver Dis 2001 May;21(2):179-94
AD - Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center,
Box A-034, 4200 East Ninth Avenue, Denver, CO 80262, USA.
Eugene.Lin@UCHSC.edu
This article will focus on common clinical applications of scintigraphy
in focal hepatic lesions, acute cholecystitis, biliary dyskinesia,
biliary obstruction, postoperative liver and biliary tract, and neonatal
cholestasis. The utility of positron emission tomography will also be
addressed.
5
UI - 11436573
AU - Murakami T; Mochizuki K; Nakamura H
TI -
Imaging evaluation of the cirrhotic liver.
SO - Semin Liver Dis 2001 May;21(2):213-24
AD - Department of Diagnostic Medicine (Radiology), Osaka University Graduate
School of Medicine D1, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
murakami@radiol.med.osaka-u.ac.jp
Because recent advances in medical care decrease the mortality rate due
to liver cirrhosis itself, many cirrhotic patients die due to
hepatocellular carcinoma. Accordingly, the role of radiology in the
evaluation of the patient with cirrhosis is primarily to characterize
the morphologic manifestations of the disease, evaluate the hepatic and
extrahepatic vasculature, assess the effects of portal hypertension, and
detect hepatic tumors. When the latter are identified, a critical role
of imaging technology is to differentiate hepatocellular carcinoma from
other nodular lesions, such as dysplastic nodules and regenerating
nodules. Screening strategies for patients with cirrhosis have been
proposed to facilitate the detection of small, asymptomatic
hepatocellular carcinomas. Dynamic studies using computed tomography
(CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are very useful for the
diagnosis of hepatic tumors previously detected by ultrasound, as well
as for screening. In Japan, patients with documented cirrhosis typically
undergo serum alpha-fetoprotein testing and/or PIVKA-II (protein induced
by vitamin K absence or antagonist II) measurements every 2 months,
ultrasound every 3 months, and CT or MRI every 6 months. This has
resulted in great success in detecting small hepatocellular carcinomas
(less than 2 cm in diameter) and early-stage well-differentiated
hepatocellular carcinomas.
6
UI - 11436576
AU - Siegel MJ
TI -
Pediatric liver imaging.
SO - Semin Liver Dis 2001 May;21(2):251-69
AD - Malllinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of
Medicine, 510 South Kingshighway Blvd, St. Louis, MO 3110, USA.
siegelm@mir.wustl.edu
The evaluation of hepatic diseases in children is often a multimodality
process, requiring multiple imaging tests to determine the cause and
extent of an abnormality. Ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), and
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have distinct roles to play in the
evaluation of hepatic disease in children. This article addresses the
hepatic and biliary lesions that are unique or more common in children
and describes their cross-sectional imaging characteristics. In
addition, the techniques and protocols for US, CT, and MRI are reviewed.
7
UI - 11437089
AU - Bird SM; Goldberg DJ; Hutchinson SJ
TI -
Projecting severe sequelae of injection-related hepatitis C virus
epidemic in the UK. Part 2: Preliminary UK estimates of prevalent
injection-related hepatitis C carriers, and derivation of progression
rates to liver cirrhosis by gender and age at hepatitis C virus
infection.
SO - J Epidemiol Biostat 2001;6(3):267-77; discussion 279-85
AD - MRC Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Public Health, Cambridge, UK.
BACKGROUND: In Part 2, we illustrate how available data can be used to
obtain preliminary estimates for Scotland of prevalent injection-related
hepatitis C carriers and of maternally hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected
infants. Novel approaches to reducing uncertainty about the number of
Scotland's HCV infected children of injector parents are discussed in
brief. Three approaches, one direct and two indirect, to estimating the
number of current and ever-injectors are presented for England and
Wales. METHODS: Diagnosed HCV infections in injectors and HCV test
uptake by current injectors are combined with survey estimates for the
ratio of ever-injectors to current injectors to estimate prevalent
injection-related hepatitis C carriers. Household surveys give direct
but potentially biased estimates of the number of current and
ever-injectors. Indirect estimates make use of hepatitis C diagnoses in
injectors, HCV prevalence and test-uptake by injectors, or exploit
international comparisons. We comment on key reporting problems that
inhibit synthesis of HCV progression studies; and suggest how to derive
preliminary gender-and-age specific progression rates to liver cirrhosis
for use in projections. RESULTS: Preliminary estimates for Scotland of
prevalent injection-related hepatitis C carriers are: central estimate
39,000, inner uncertainty 16,000-59,000; of maternally hepatitis C virus
(HCV)-infected infants central estimate 260, uncertainty 110-1100; and
for England and Wales estimates of the number of prevalent
ever-injectors are central estimate 360,000, uncertainty
240,000-835,000. Both hepatitis C prevalence in injectors and estimated
numbers of current injectors are similar in Australia, and England and
Wales (but not so for Scotland), Australian work on projections of
severe HCV sequelae from hepatitis C infections may therefore be a
suitable starting point for projections for England and Wales. Australia
anticipates a doubling in the number of persons living with hepatitis C
cirrhosis from 8500 in 1997 to over 17,000 in 2010. DISCUSSION:
Australian projections of severe HCV sequelae used progression rates
that, for simplicity, were independent of gender and of age at HCV
infection. Faster HCV progression for males, and their higher injector
prevalence, means that the impact of HCV infection on, for example,
liver cancer may be evident to a greater extent and earlier in males.
8
UI - 11434613
AU - Osada S; Carr BI
TI -
Mechanism of novel vitamin K analog induced growth inhibition in human
hepatoma cell line.
SO - J Hepatol 2001 May;34(5):676-82
AD - Second Department of Surgery, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu
City, Japan. sting@cc.gifu-u.ac.jp
BACKGROUND/AIMS: To understand the mechanisms of liver regeneration or
hepatoma apoptosis, it is important to estimate the turning point of the
signal transduction by growth factor receptor. Since
2-(2-hydroxyethylsulfaryl) 3-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone or CPD 5 has been
shown to mediate the phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor (EGF)
receptor in Hep3B hepatoma cells, the differences between EGF and CPD
5-mediated signal transduction were studied. METHODS: DNA content was
measured by Hoechst fluorescent assay. Phosphorylated proteins were
described with Western blots or two-dimensional electrophoresis.
RESULTS: CPD 5-induced EGFR phosphorylation was functional to stimulate
Ras pathway. However, CPD 5-mediated extracellular signal-regulated
kinase (ERK) phosphorylation was not antagonized by inhibition of
upstream activation with PD153035. CPD 5 inhibited ERK dephosphorylation
in cell lysate, suggesting that ERK phosphorylation by CPD 5 was
depending on kinase activity and phosphatase inhibition. Two-dimensional
electrophoresis showed extra phospho ERK spot, which was indicated to
have close association with CPD 5-induced growth inhibition, since U0126
antagonized growth inhibition and appearance of this spot. CONCLUSIONS:
The turning point of EGFR pathway was proved to have close association
with the expressed level of phosphorylated ERK. ERK phosphorylation was
suggested to play a critical role in growth factor-induced signal
transduction.
9
UI - 11494534
AU - Sakaguchi E; Kayano K; Segawa M; Aoyagi M; Sakaida I; Okita K
TI -
[Th1/Th2 imbalance in HCV-related liver cirrhosis]
SO - Nippon Rinsho 2001 Jul;59(7):1259-63
AD - First Department of Internal Medicine in Yamaguchi University School of
Medicine.
The mechanism by which Hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection promotes the
development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is not known exactly. HCV
related HCC occurs frequency in the patients with cirrhosis. There have
been reports indicating that Th2-type cytokines down-regulated antitumor
immunity, and the activation of type 1 T cell responses produced
antitumor immunity. We thought Th1/Th2 imbalance in HCV-related liver
cirrhosis might be closely related to the development of HCC. In this
study, therefore, we investigated the Th1/Th2 balance at the single
lymphocyte level of the patients with HCV-related liver cirrhosis and
compared with normal controls by using flow cytometry. Th1-type
cytokines(IFN-gamma, IL-2) production was significantly decreased in
patients with cirrhosis, whereas Th2-type cytokine production(IL-10) was
increased. These suggest Th1/Th2 imbalance in HCV-related cirrhosis
would decrease the antitumor immunity and its improvement might present
the protective effect from HCC.
10
UI - 11494548
AU - Ikeda K; Arase Y; Kumada H
TI -
[Hepatocellular carcinogenesis and prognosis of elderly patients with
chronic hepatitis type C]
SO - Nippon Rinsho 2001 Jul;59(7):1338-44
AD - Department of Gastroenterology, Toranomon Hospital.
Among 457 elderly patients of 65 years or older with chronic hepatitis
or cirrhosis caused by hepatitis C virus, 117 patients underwent
interferon therapy for the elimination of hepatitis C virus. A total of
87 patients could be analyzed for the interferon effect, since the
remaining 20 patients had still been receiving or just finished the
therapy. Thirty-six patients(41.4%) achieved complete elimination of
HCV-RNA with interferon therapy. Although those patients with a milder
hepatitis stage and better virological condition(low viral concentration
or group 2 subtype) were preferentially enrolled in the therapy, 13
patients(11.1%) discontinued the administration with varied side
effects: severe general malaise in 6 patients, depression in 3,
pneumonia/pneumonitis in 2, and retinopathy in 2. Crude hepatocellular
carcinogenesis rates in the subgroup of F1 + F2 and the subgroup of F3 +
F4 were 1.8%, 21.2% at the end of 5th year, and 14.3% and 53.7% at the
tenth year, respectively.
11
UI - 11500061
AU - Fargion S; Stazi MA; Fracanzani AL; Mattioli M; Sampietro M; Tavazzi D;
TI -
Bertelli C; Patriarca V; Mariani C; Fiorelli G
Mutations in the HFE gene and their interaction with exogenous risk
factors in hepatocellular carcinoma.
SO - Blood Cells Mol Dis 2001 Mar-Apr;27(2):505-11
AD - Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Universita di Milano, Ospedale
Maggiore IRCCS, Milan, Italy. Silvia.Fargion@unimi.it
The possible role of iron in facilitating the development of liver
cancer is still debated. The aims of this study were to define the
prevalence of the mutations 845G --> A and 187C --> G (C282Y and H63D)
in the HFE gene associated with hereditary hemochromatosis in Italian
patients with hepatocellular carcinoma occurring in cirrhosis and to
analyze the interaction between these mutations and other established
risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma. The HFE gene mutations,
performed by polymerase chain reaction, were analyzed in 81 patients (63
males, 18 females) with hepatocellular carcinoma. None of the patients
had a phenotype compatible with homozygous hereditary hemochromatosis.
Interaction between HFE mutations and exogenous risk factors was
analyzed by collecting information on alcohol consumption, hepatitis B
and C virus infections, and iron status at the time of diagnosis of
chronic liver disease. This analysis was performed only in males to rule
out gender influence on patients' iron status by using the case-only
approach specifically designed to estimate departure from multiplicative
risk ratios under the assumption of independence between genotype and
environmental exposure. The prevalence of the C282Y mutation was
significantly higher in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma than in
normal controls (8.6% vs 1.6%, P < 0.03). At univariate analysis, iron
overload was significantly associated with both HFE mutations (P <
0.0001), whereas ongoing hepatitis B virus infection was associated with
the C282Y mutation (P < 0.05). By multivariate analysis, a trend for an
increased risk of being positive for hepatitis virus markers (OR 2.9, CI
95% 0.9-9.5) and of having been alcohol abusers (OR 3, CI 95% 0.7-14)
was observed in patients heterozygous for the HFE mutations. These data
indicate that the prevalence of the main mutation associated with
hereditary hemochromatosis is significantly higher in cirrhotic Italian
patients with hepatocellular carcinoma compared to a normal population
and suggest that heterozygotes for HFE mutations exposed to hepatitis
virus infections or who had been alcohol abusers could have an increased
risk of developing cirrhosis and later liver cancer than people without
the mutations exposed to the same risk factors. Copyright 2001 Academic
Press.
12
UI - 11508618
AU - Mann GN; Marx HF; Lai LL; Wagman LD
TI -
Clinical and cost effectiveness of a new hepatocellular MRI contrast
agent, mangafodipir trisodium, in the preoperative assessment of liver
resectability.
SO - Ann Surg Oncol 2001 Aug;8(7):573-9
AD - Department of General Oncologic Surgery, City of Hope National Medical
Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA. gnmann@u.washington.edu
BACKGROUND: Improved preoperative assessment of focal liver disease and
tumors could have a potentially significant impact on their treatment.
Mangafodipir trisodium (Teslascan; Nycomed Amersham Imaging, Little
Chalfont, UK) is a new hepatocellular contrast agent for use with
state-of-the-art MR imaging that, in early reports, is accurate in
detection and characterization of liver lesions. METHODS: Records and
diagnostic images of all patients undergoing enhanced Teslascan MRI
(T-MRI) at our institution were reviewed. We assessed the relative
sensitivities of contrast-enhanced CT scan (CECT) and T-MRI in detecting
lesions, as well as the impact of T-MRI in the decision to operate or
not on patients. In those patients taken to surgery, the correlation
between T-MRI and intraoperative palpation and intraoperative ultrasound
(IOUS) was determined. RESULTS: Fifty-four patients were noted on CECT
to have focal liver lesions and subsequently underwent imaging with
T-MRI. The T-MRI correlated with CT findings in 22 patients (41%),
upstaged the liver disease in 26, and demonstrated fewer lesions in 6.
Only 43 patients were considered operative candidates and T-MRI
influenced the operative decision in 32 patients (74%), dissuading
operative intervention in 14. In the 25 patients without clear
preoperative evidence of unresectability who were taken to the operating
room, T-MRI correlated with findings of intraoperative palpation in 19
(76%). In the 20 patients who underwent IOUS, T-MRI correlated with IOUS
in 14 patients (70%). IOUS detected an additional nine lesions, all of
which were <1 cm. Seventeen patients underwent resection and/or ablation
of their liver lesions. Compared with pathology, sensitivities of CECT,
T-MRI, and intraoperative evaluation were 61%, 83%, and 93%,
respectively. T-MRI failed to predict hepatic-specific unresectability
in only one of eight patients, the other seven having extrahepatic
disease. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that T-MRI is more
sensitive than CECT in the preoperative predicting of the resectability
of hepatic lesions. Despite T-MRI accurately correlating with
intraoperative surgical findings, IOUS should be performed on all
patients prior to a final decision to resect or ablate a focal liver
lesion.
13
UI - 11500600
AU - Kwak BK; Shim HJ; Park ES; Kim SA; Choi D; Lim HK; Park CK; Chung JW;
TI -
Park JH
Hepatocellular carcinoma: correlation between vascular endothelial
growth factor level and degree of enhancement by multiphase
contrast-enhanced computed tomography.
SO - Invest Radiol 2001 Aug;36(8):487-92
AD - Cardiovascular Center, Department of Radiology, Yongsan Hospital,
Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To determine whether vascular endothelial
growth factor (VEGF) is a histopathological factor influencing contrast
enhancement of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on computed tomography
(CT). METHODS: Twenty-two nodular HCCs underwent multiphase helical CT
and surgery. Tumor size, histological grading of differentiation, and
type of hepatitis were evaluated. Tumor attenuation was graded as
hyperattenuated, isoattenuated, and hypoattenuated. Immunohistochemical
staining with anti-VEGF antibody was performed and scored as weak,
intermediate, or strong. Spearman's rank correlation test was used.
RESULTS: Tumors ranged from 1.0 to 12.0 cm (mean 5.1 cm). The degree of
enhancement during the hepatic arterial phase was significantly
correlated with VEGF expression. Size was negatively correlated with
VEGF expression and the degree of enhancement, but histological grade
and type of hepatitis were not correlated with VEGF expression, tumor
size, or degree of enhancement. CONCLUSIONS: In HCC, VEGF expression is
correlated with the degree of contrast enhancement during arterial-phase
CT.
14
UI - 11516021
AU - Sakai Y; Shoji R; Kim BS; Sakoda A; Suzuki M
TI -
Cultured human-cell-based bioassay for environmental risk management.
SO - Environ Monit Assess 2001 Jul;70(1-2):57-70
AD - Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Japan.
yasuyuki@iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Among bioassays for evaluating various impacts of chemicals on humans
and ecosystems, those based on cultured mammalian-cells can best predict
acute lethal toxicity to humans. We expect them to be employed in the
future in environmental risk management alongside mutagenicity tests and
endocrine-disrupting activity tests. We recently developed a disposable
bioassay device that immobilizes human hepatocarcinoma cells in a small
micropipette tip. This enables very quick (within 2 h) evaluation of
acute lethal toxicity to humans. For bioassay-based environmental
management, 2 promising approaches have been demonstrated by the US-EPA:
toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) and toxicity reduction
evaluation (TRE). The Japanese Ministry of Environment has been
supporting a multi-center validation project, aimed at assembling a
bioassay database. To make full use of these resources, we present a
numerical model that describes contribution of individual chemical to
observed toxicity. This will allow the selection of the most effective
countermeasure to reduce the toxicity. Bioassay-based environmental risk
management works retrospectively, whereas impact assessment using
substance flow models and toxicity databases works prospective. We
expect that these 2 approaches will exchange information, act
complementarily, and work effectively in keeping our environment healthy
in the 21 st century.
15
UI - 11509117
AU - Kumon K; Kobayashi H; Namiki T; Tsunematsu Y; Miyauchi J; Kikuta A;
TI -
Horikoshi Y; Komada Y; Hatae Y; Eguchi H; Kaneko Y
Frequent increase of DNA copy number in the 2q24 chromosomal region and
its association with a poor clinical outcome in hepatoblastoma:
cytogenetic and comparative genomic hybridization analysis.
SO - Jpn J Cancer Res 2001 Aug;92(8):854-62
AD - Department of Cancer Chemotherapy, Saitama Cancer Center Hospital, Ina,
Saitama 362-0806, Japan.
In a cytogenetic and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) study of 38
hepatoblastomas, we found gain of 1q in 17 tumors (44.7%), that of 2 /
2q in 14 (36.8%), that of 20 / 20q in 9 (23.7%) and that of 8 / 8q in 8
(21.0%), loss of 4q in 4 (10.5%) and no DNA copy changes with normal
karyotype or no mitotic cells in 11 (28.9%). Eleven tumors with 2 / 2q
gain detected by CGH had a total chromosome 2 gain, a partial 2q gain,
or a total chromosome 2 gain with an augmented partial 2q region; the
common region for DNA copy gain was 2q24. Two-color fluorescence in situ
hybridization (FISH) analyses using probes covering the centromere of
chromosome 2 or HOXD13 (2q31) confirmed the CGH findings, and showed
that the common region for gain in 2q was centromeric to HOXD13.
Event-free survival (EFS) +/- standard error (SE) at 5 years was lowest
in patients with 2q gain [37 +/- 15%], highest in those with no DNA copy
changes [82 +/- 12%], and intermediate in those with DNA copy changes
other than 2q gain [74 +/- 13%] (P = 0.0549). Multivariate analysis
showed that 2q gain was an independent factor predicting a poor outcome.
These findings suggest the presence of a growth-promoting gene or an
oncogene in the 2q24 chromosome band, and a tumor suppressor gene in
terminal 4q, which have important roles in the development and
progression of hepatoblastoma.
16
UI - 11513719
AU - Li FQ; Yoshizawa T; Kawamura O; Luo XY; Li YW
TI -
Aflatoxins and fumonisins in corn from the high-incidence area for human
hepatocellular carcinoma in Guangxi, China.
SO - J Agric Food Chem 2001 Aug;49(8):4122-6
AD - Department of Biochemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture,
Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan.
A comparative study on the natural occurrence of aflatoxins and Fusarium
toxins was conducted with corn samples from high- and low-incidence
areas for human primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) in Guangxi,
China. In samples from the high-risk area, aflatoxin B(1) was the
predominant toxin detected in terms of quantity and frequency, with its
concentration ranging between 9 and 2496 microg/kg and an 85% incidence
of contamination. Among the samples, 13 (76%) exceeded the Chinese
regulation of 20 microg/kg for aflatoxin B(1) in corn and corn-based
products intended for human consumption. Significant differences in
aflatoxin B(1), B(2), and G(1) and total aflatoxin concentrations in
corn between the areas were found (P < 0.05). The average daily intake
of aflatoxin B(1) from corn in the high-risk area was 184.1 microg, and
the probable daily intake is estimated to be 3.68 microg/kg of body
weight/day, 3.20 times the TD(50) in rats. Corn samples from both areas
were simultaneously contaminated with fumonisins B(1), B(2), and B(3).
Aflatoxin B(1) may play an important role in the development of PHC in
Guangxi.
17
UI - 11525595
AU - Chen SY; Chen CJ; Tsai WY; Ahsan H; Liu TY; Lin JT; Santella RM
TI -
Associations of plasma aflatoxin B1-albumin adduct level with plasma
selenium level and genetic polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase M1
and T1.
SO - Nutr Cancer 2000;38(2):179-85
AD - Columbia University School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032, USA.
Mortality from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is extraordinarily high in
Matzu, an island off the coast of Southeastern China. To investigate
factors associated with plasma aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-albumin adduct level,
we studied 304 healthy adult residents from Matzu. AFB1-albumin adducts
were determined by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,
hepatitis B surface antigen status by enzyme immunoassay, genotypes of
glutathione S-transferase (GST) M1 and T1 by polymerase chain reaction,
plasma selenium by atomic absorption spectrometry, and plasma retinol,
alpha-tocopherol, alpha-carotene, and beta-carotene levels by
high-performance liquid chromatography. Men had higher AFB1-albumin
adduct levels than women. GSTM1-nonnull and GSTT1-null genotypes and low
plasma selenium level were significantly associated with an increased
level of AFB1-albumin adducts among men, whereas age was significantly
correlated with adduct level among women. High intake of fermented beans
was associated with an increased adduct level among men and women. The
inverse associations between plasma selenium level and AFB1-albumin
adducts were statistically significant among those with null genotypes
of GSTM1 and GSTT1, but not among the nonnull genotypes. This study
provides insight into the dietary and genetic factors influencing
AFB1-albumin adduct formation in an isolated population with high liver
cancer mortality.
18
UI - 11525608
AU - Chen CH; Huang LL; Huang CC; Lin CC; Lee Y; Lu FJ
TI -
Baicalein, a novel apoptotic agent for hepatoma cell lines: a potential
medicine for hepatoma.
SO - Nutr Cancer 2000;38(2):287-95
AD - Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan
University, Taipei, Republic of China.
This study has demonstrated that baicalein has anticancer effectiveness
against human hepatoma cells. The dose response of baicalein in Hep G2
and Hep J2 cells indicates that baicalein decreased viability >90%. In
comparison, baicalein had only minimal effects on the viability of
control Chang liver cells. Flow cytometric analysis showed that
baicalein inhibited the cell cycle of Hep G2 cells in the S phase. In
addition, baicalein treatment resulted in a decreased mitochondrial
transmembrane potential and damaged the integrity of the cell membrane.
The TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling assay results indicated
that baicalein elicited a significant increase of DNA fragmentation in
Hep G2 cells after incubation for 48 hours. These results indicate that
baicalein is an effective antihepatoma agent with minimal influence on
noncancer cells. The effects of baicalein on Hep G2 cells include
inhibition of the S phase of the cell cycle, dysfunction of
mitochondria, and initiation of apoptosis.
19
UI - 11521181
AU - Matsuda M; Fujii H; Kono H; Matsumoto Y
TI -
Surgical treatment of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma based on the
mode of recurrence: repeat hepatic resection or ablation are good
choices for patients with recurrent multicentric cancer.
SO - J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2001;8(4):353-9
AD - First Department of Surgery, Yamanashi Medical University, Tamaho,
Nakakoma, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan.
Hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) often recur after curvative resection.
Recurrence in the remnant liver originates from intrahepatic metastasis
(IM) from the primary resected tumor, and/or from multicentric (MC)
occurrence. In order to achieve better survival after intrahepatic
recurrence in HCC patients, we have surgically treated patients
according to the recurrence pattern. In this study, we investigated the
advantage of repeat surgery for MC recurrent HCC. The subjects were 176
patients who had undergone primary macroscopically complete tumor
removal for HCC at our department from 1984 to 1999. Differential
diagnosis of IM and MC recurrence was done by pathological analysis.
Twenty-nine of the 149 patients with recurrence (19.5%) underwent a
total of 31 second and third operations. Of the 29 patients, 18 had MC
(14 received repeat hepatectomy and 4, microwave tissue coagulation
[MTC]), 7 had IM (4 had repeat hepatectomy and 3, MTC), and, in 4
patients, pathological investigation failed to determine the mode of
recurrence. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates for MC patients after
the repeat operations were 100%, 69.7%, and 58.1%, respectively, and the
1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates for the IM patients were 57.1%, 14.3%,
and 14.3%, respectively. Survival after the repeat operation was
significantly better in the MC group than in the IM group (P = 0.0016).
Moreover, there was no significant difference between survival in the MC
group after a repeat operation and survival in control patients after an
initial hepatectomy (P = 0.9282). These results indicated that patients
with resectable or ablative recurrent MC HCC have almost the same
survival benefit after repeat operations as patients who undergo initial
curative resection of HCC.
20
UI - 11528252
AU - Toyoda H; Kumada T; Nakano S; Takeda I; Sugiyama K; Kiriyama S; Sone Y;
TI -
Tanikawa M; Hisanaga Y; Hayashi K; Honda T
Effect of the dose and duration of interferon-alpha therapy on the
incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in noncirrhotic patients with a
nonsustained response to interferon for chronic hepatitis C.
SO - Oncology 2001;61(2):134-42
AD - Department of Gastroenterology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Japan.
OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the effect of dose and duration of treatment
with interferon (IFN)-alpha on the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma
(HCC) after IFN treatment
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