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NCI CANCERLIT® Search: AIDS-Related Kaposi's Sarcoma - February 2002
National Cancer Institute®
Last Modified: February 1, 2002
Table of Contents
1
UI - 2072890
AU - Anonymous
TI -
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection codes and new codes for
Kaposi's sarcoma.
SO - MMWR Recomm Rep 1991 Jul 26;40(RR-9):1-18
These addenda for Volumes 1 and 2 of the International Classification of
Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM), are reported
by the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Classification
of Diseases for North America at the National Center for Health
Statistics. These addenda replace the addendum containing codes for
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (042.0-044.9) that were
effective January 1, 1988. These addenda will be effective October 1,
1991, and are the second revision of these codes for the classification
of HIV infection. These addenda incorporate minor changes in content of
the classification reflecting new scientific knowledge. The structure of
the classification, the codes within the classification, and the manner
in which the codes may be used remain unchanged. These changes are
effective only for morbidity purposes; the cause-of-death codes are
unchanged.
2
UI - 11779265
AU - Osmond DH; Buchbinder S; Cheng A; Graves A; Vittinghoff E; Cossen CK;
TI -
Forghani B; Martin JN
Prevalence of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection in
homosexual men at beginning of and during the HIV epidemic.
SO - JAMA 2002 Jan 9;287(2):221-5
AD - Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California,
San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. dosmond@psg.ucsf.edu
CONTEXT: Some studies have inferred that an epidemic of Kaposi
sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infection in homosexual men in the
United States occurred concurrently with that of human immunodeficiency
virus (HIV), but there have been no direct measurements of KSHV
prevalence at the beginning of the HIV epidemic. OBJECTIVES: To
determine the prevalence of KSHV infection in homosexual men in San
Francisco, Calif, at the beginning of the HIV epidemic in 1978 and 1979
and to examine changes in prevalence of KSHV at time points from 1978
through 1996 in light of changes in sexual behavior. DESIGN, SETTING,
AND PARTICIPANTS: Analysis of a clinic-based sample (n = 398) derived
from the San Francisco City Clinic Cohort (ages 18-66 years) (n = 2666
for analyses herein) and from population-based samples from the San
Francisco Men's Health Study (MHS) (ages 25-54 years) (n = 825 and 252)
and the San Francisco Young Men's Health Study (YMHS) (ages 18-29 years)
(n = 428-976, and 557); behavioral studies were longitudinal and KSHV
prevalence studies were cross-sectional. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Antibodies against KSHV and HIV; sexual behaviors. RESULTS: The
prevalence of KSHV infection in 1978 and 1979 was 26.5% of 235 (a random
sample) overall (weighted for HIV infection) vs 6.9% (128/1842) for HIV
in the San Francisco City Clinic Cohort sample. The prevalence of KSHV
infection remained essentially unchanged between an MHS sample of 252 in
1984 and 1985 (29.6%) and a YMHS sample of 557 in 1995 and 1996 (26.4%),
while HIV prevalence dropped from 49.5% of 825 in 1984 and 1985 (MHS) to
17.6% of 428 in 1992 and 1993 (YMHS). The proportion of men practicing
unprotected receptive anal intercourse with 1 or more partners declined
from 54% to 11% during the 1984 through 1993 period (MHS) with similar
though slightly higher values in the YMHS in 1992 and 1993; whereas for
unprotected oral intercourse it ranged between 60% and 90% in the 1984
through 1996 period (MHS and YMHS). CONCLUSIONS: Infection with KSHV was
already highly prevalent in homosexual men when the HIV epidemic began
in San Francisco, and its prevalence has been maintained at a nearly
constant level. Any declines in the incidence of Kaposi sarcoma do not
appear to be caused by a decline in KSHV transmission.
3
UI - 11737354
AU - Spano JP; Salhi Y; Costagliola D; Rozenbaum W; Girard PM
TI -
Factors predictive of disease progression and death in AIDS-related
Kaposi's sarcoma.
SO - HIV Med 2000 Oct;1(4):232-7
AD - Hopital Pitie-Salpetriere, Service d'Oncologie Medicale (SOMPS), Paris,
France. jean-phillipe.spano@psl.ap-hop-paris.fr
BACKGROUND: The natural history of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is poorly
documented. We attempted to identify factors predictive of progression
and survival in HIV-infected patients with KS and CD4+ cell counts
greater than 100/microL. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied
retrospectively 78 HIV-infected patients diagnosed as having KS between
1989 and 1995. The following variables were assessed as potential
predictors of progression and death, in a Cox proportional hazards
model: age, sex, ethnic group, transmission group, site of the first KS
lesions, duration of KS, concomitant opportunistic infections or
malignancies, antiretroviral drug therapy (excluding protease
inhibitors), antiherpes treatments, neutrophil counts, CD4+ and CD8+
cell counts, plasma HIV load, p24 antigenaemia, beta2-microglobulinaemia
and immunoglobin A and G serum levels. RESULTS: During a median
follow-up of 22 months (3-81 months), KS progressed in 66 of the 78
patients. The median survival time after progression was 68 months
(9-126 months). Multivariate analysis identified only visceral KS, a
high neutrophil count and a high serum immunoglobulin (Ig) level as
independent predictors of progression (P < 0.05). Previous and
concomitant opportunistic diseases (P = 0.003) and low CD4+ cell counts
(P = 0.013) were independently associated with shorter survival; in
contrast KS therapy did not independently influence survival.
CONCLUSION: Progression of KS is predicted by markers of KS severity,
while overall survival is best predicted by markers of immunodeficiency
(opportunistic diseases and the CD4+ cell count).
4
UI - 11687747
AU - Harsch IA; Kraetsch HG; Amann K; Hahn EG; Ficker JH; Konturek PC
TI -
Disseminated manifestation of Kaposi's Sarcoma in newly diagnosed AIDS
in an african female.
SO - Med Sci Monit 2001 Nov-Dec;7(6):1303-6
AD - Department of Medicine I, Friedrich-Alexander University,
Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
BACKGROUND: Kaposi's sarcomas are the most frequent malignancies in
patients with AIDS and there is increasing evidence of an association
with human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8). A reconstitution of the immune
response due to different regimens of highly active antiretroviral
therapy (HAART) is the most important step in treatment of Kaposi's
sarcomas. Local treatment options include the topic application of
alitretionin (9-cis-retinoic acid) as a gel, cryotherapy with liquid
nitrogen and intralesional vinblastine, as well as local laser or
low-dose X-ray treatment. A systemic chemotherapy can be taken under
consideration in selected cases with clinical significant visceral
lesions or aggressive sarcomatous behavior with anthracyclines, taxanes,
as well as an immunomodulatory treatment with alpha Interferon. CASE
REPORT: The case of an african emigrant is described. Hospitalized due
to recurrent fever and diarrhea, the diagnosis of AIDS was quickly
established. The physical examination revealed multiple nodular,
painless skin lesions suspicious of Kaposi's sarcoma. The diagnosis was
confirmed histologically, later on also in bronchial and duodenal
biopsies due to the atypical subepithelial vessels with slit-like
appearance and prominent endothelia. CONCLUSIONS: Cutaneous lesions in
patients with dark skin colour may be unfamiliar to European physicians.
In patients with HIV-infection, nodular skin lesions should lead
suspicion to Kaposi's sarcoma. If this diagnosis is established, it
should be clarified, if other locations (e.g.: intestine, respiratory
tract) are involved, too.
5
UI - 11724831
AU - Tedeschi R; Enbom M; Bidoli E; Linde A; De Paoli P; Dillner J
TI -
Viral load of human herpesvirus 8 in peripheral blood of human
immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with Kaposi's sarcoma.
SO - J Clin Microbiol 2001 Dec;39(12):4269-73
AD - The Microbiology and Tumor Biology Center, Karolinska Institute,
Stockholm, Sweden. rtedeschi@cro.it
Viral load is an important marker of activity of viral diseases for a
number of viruses. We wished to evaluate whether the viral load of human
herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) in peripheral blood was a consistent feature of
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) patients and whether the viral load correlated
with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA levels, CD4 counts, and/or
the HHV-8 seroreactivity. Fifty-four consecutive plasma samples from 14
patients with KS were evaluated for HHV-8 viral load by quantitative
real-time PCR. Samples were analyzed at the start of highly active
antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and at different intervals during
treatments. The median HHV-8 DNA load before HAART treatment was 8,998
(ranging from 170 to 40,100) copies/ml and 12,270 (ranging from 40 to
142,575) copies/ml during HAART. There were both increasing and
decreasing trends. There was an association between HHV-8 DNA and HIV
RNA viral loads (odds ratio [OR] = 5.40; 95% confidence interval [95%
CI], 1.54 to 18.98) and between HHV-8 viral load and CD4 cell counts (OR
= 7.24; 95% CI, 1.30 to 40.35). High HHV-8 viral load was also
correlated with the titers of antibodies to the lytic HHV-8 antigen
detected with immunofluorescence (P < 0.01), but not with antibodies to
the latent HHV-8 antigen. In conclusion, we found that HHV-8 viremia in
KS is associated with HIV viral load, CD4 cell counts, and lytic HHV-8
serological reactivity. HHV-8 viral load monitored by real time PCR
might be useful for determination HHV-8 viral load during the follow-up
of KS patients.
6
UI - 11741156
AU - Hodes R
TI -
Visiting Solomon: AIDS in Ethiopia.
SO - AIDS 2002 Jan 4;16(1):1-3
7
UI - 11698915
AU - Young AC; Mazzullo JM; Simon AR; Skolnik PR
TI -
Case report: Kaposi's sarcoma: an unusual presentation.
SO - MedGenMed 2001 Sep 28;3(4):8
AD - Department of General Internal Medicine, New England Medical Center,
Boston, Massachusetts, USA. youngac@mindspring.com
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is the most common tumor associated with HIV-1
infection, affecting 30% of HIV-infected homosexual men before the
advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). In the era of
HAART, the incidence of KS has markedly declined. KS usually presents
with cutaneous lesions, but it may involve other organs, most commonly
the pulmonary and gastrointestinal systems. Isolated pulmonary KS
without cutaneous involvement is rare, although intrathoracic KS is seen
in up to 75% of patients with KS. We describe an unusual case of a
patient with AIDS and isolated endobronchial KS despite a normal
arterial pO2, normal pulmonary function tests, no cutaneous KS, and
normal chest computed tomographic findings.
The above citations and abstracts reflect those newly added to CANCERLIT for the month and topic listed in the title. The citations have been retrieved from CANCERLIT using a predefined search strategy of indexed subject terms. Although the search strategy has been refined as best as possible, citations may appear that are not directly related to the topic, and occasionally relevant references may be omitted.
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