- Cancer Types
Information about risk, prevention, screening, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and support for all cancers Cancer A to Z - Cancer Treatment
Cancer Treatment
Information about cancer treatment, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, clinical trials, proton therapy, complementary medicine, and cutting edge technologies.
- Risk and Prevention
- Cancer Drugs
- Support
Support
Ways for cancer patients and caregivers to cope with cancer, side effects, nutrition, general cancer support issues, grief/end of life issues, and shared survivor's experiences.
- Healthcare Professionals
- Clinical Trials
My Patient Treatment Binder
OncoLink Blogs
What's My Cancer Risk?
OncoPilot: Navigating Your Cancer Journey
Community Events Calendar
OncoLink eNews
Abramson Cancer CenterNCI CANCERLIT® Search: Screening and Prevention of Digestive Cancers - June 2002
National Cancer Institute®
Last Modified: June 1, 2002
- NORCCAP (Norwegian colorectal cancer prevention): a randomised trial to assess the safety and efficacy of carbon dioxide versus air insufflation
- Colorectal cancer screening. Recommendation statement from the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care.
- A randomised study of screening for colorectal cancer using faecal occult blood testing: results after 13 years and seven biennial
- Celecoxib as adjunctive therapy for treatment of colorectal cancer.
- Hepatocellular carcinoma.
- [Prevention of liver neoplasms]
- Dietary risk factors for upper aerodigestive tract cancers.
- How to stop a silent killer: colorectal cancer screening.
- Second opinion. I recently had a colonoscopy where the doctors found a colon polyp that wasn't cancerous and removed it. What can I do to
- Oxaliplatin: bimonthly, biweekly, or semimonthly?
- Olive oil and colorectal cancer.
- Current trends in screening and secondary prevention of colorectal cancer.
- Screening for colorectal cancer.
Table of Contents
1
UI - 11950803
AU - Bretthauer M; Thiis-Evensen E; Huppertz-Hauss G; Gisselsson L; Grotmol
TI -
T; Skovlund E; Hoff G
NORCCAP (Norwegian colorectal cancer prevention): a randomised trial to
assess the safety and efficacy of carbon dioxide versus air insufflation
in colonoscopy.
SO - Gut 2002 May;50(5):604-7
AD - NORCCAP-Centre, Telemark Central Hospital, Porsgrunn, Norway Department
of Anaesthesiology, Telemark Central Hospital, Porsgrunn, Norway.
michael.bretthauer@tss.telemax.no
BACKGROUND: To eliminate the risk of combustion during electrosurgical
procedures and to reduce patient discomfort, carbon dioxide (CO2)
insufflation has been recommended during colonoscopy. However, air
insufflation is still the standard method, perhaps due to the lack of
suitable equipment and shortage of randomised studies. AIMS: This
randomised controlled trial was conducted to assess patient tolerance
and safety when using CO2 insufflation during colonoscopy. PATIENTS:
Over an eight month period a successive series of patients referred for
a baseline colonoscopy due to findings in a flexible sigmoidoscopy
screening trial were randomly assigned to the use of either air or CO2
insufflation during colonoscopy. METHODS: End tidal CO2 (ETCO2), a
non-invasive parameter of arterial pCO2, was registered before and
repeatedly during and after the examination. The patient's experience of
pain during and after the examination was registered using a visual
analogue scale (VAS). Sedation was not used routinely. RESULTS: CO2
insufflation was used in 121 patients (51%) and air in 119 patients
(49%). The groups were similar in age, sex, and caecal intubation rate.
No rise in ETCO2 was registered. There were statistically significant
differences in VAS scores between the groups with less pain reported
when using CO2. CONCLUSIONS: This randomised study of unsedated patients
shows that CO2 insufflation is safe during colonoscopy with no rise in
ETCO2 level. CO2 was found to be superior to air in terms of pain
experienced after the examination.
2
UI - 11501466
AU - Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care
TI -
Colorectal cancer screening. Recommendation statement from the Canadian
Task Force on Preventive Health Care.
SO - CMAJ 2001 Jul 24;165(2):206-8
3
UI - 11772963
AU - Jorgensen OD; Kronborg O; Fenger C
TI -
A randomised study of screening for colorectal cancer using faecal
occult blood testing: results after 13 years and seven biennial
screening rounds.
SO - Gut 2002 Jan;50(1):29-32
AD - Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Odense University Hospital,
Denmark.
BACKGROUND: Three randomised trials have demonstrated reduction in
mortality from colorectal cancer (CRC) by repeated screening with faecal
occult blood tests, including the trial presented here, which is the
only one still in progress. AIMS: To evaluate reduction in mortality
after seven screening rounds and the possible influence of compliance on
mortality from CRC. METHODS: At Funen in Denmark, random allocation to
biennial screening with Hemoccult-II in 30 967 subjects aged 45-75 years
and 30,966 controls was performed in 1985 from a population of 137,485
of the same age. Only participants who completed the first screening
round were invited for further screening. Colonoscopy was offered if the
test was positive. The primary end point was death from CRC, and the 10
year results were published in 1996. RESULTS: From the beginning of the
first screening to the seventh round, mean age increased from 59.8 to
70.0 years in the screening and control groups, and the male/female
ratio decreased from 0.92 to 0.81. Those who accepted screening were
younger than non-responders. Positivity rates varied from 0.8% to 3.8%,
the cumulative ratio of a positive test was 5.1% after seven rounds, and
4.8% of patients had at least one colonoscopy. Mortality from CRC was
significantly less in the screening group (relative risk (RR) 0.82
(0.69-0.97)), and the reduction in mortality was most pronounced above
the sigmoid colon. After seven rounds, RR was reduced to less than 0.70
compared with controls. Mortality rates from causes other than CRC did
not differ. Non-responders had a significantly increased risk of death
from CRC compared with those who accepted the full programme. Subjects
who accepted the first screening, but not subsequent ones, demonstrated
a tendency towards increased risk. CONCLUSIONS: The persistent reduction
in mortality from CRC in a biennial screening program with Hemoccult-II,
and a reduction in RR to less than 0.70 in those adhering to the
programme, support attempts to introduce larger scale population
screening programmes. The smaller effect on mortality from CRC in the
rectum and sigmoid colon suggests evaluation by additional flexible
sigmoidoscopy with longer intervals.
4
UI - 11793634
AU - North GL
TI -
Celecoxib as adjunctive therapy for treatment of colorectal cancer.
SO - Ann Pharmacother 2001 Dec;35(12):1638-43
AD - School of Pharmacy, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA.
gnorth@northbay.org
OBJECTIVE: To describe the role of celecoxib as adjunctive therapy in
the treatment of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), an inherited
autosomal dominant predisposition syndrome for colorectal cancer. DATA
SOURCES: Literature was evaluated through MEDLINE search (1995-March
2000) and through secondary sources, using the search terms celecoxib,
cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, and familial adenomatous polyps. DATA
SYNTHESIS: Observational studies have found a decreased rate of
colorectal cancer in people who regularly took aspirin or other
nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The Food and Drug
NSAID celecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, for
adjunctive therapy in patients with FAP, based on a six-month,
randomized, controlled clinical trial. CONCLUSIONS: Aspirin and other
NSAIDs reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer in the general
population. Limited clinical studies in patients with FAP using
nonaspirin NSAIDs have shown a reduction in polyp burden. A current
clinical trial using celecoxib has also shown a reduction in polyp
burden in patients with FAP. The long-term clinical impact of using a
selective COX-2 inhibitor is not known, since celecoxib has not been
studied beyond six months in patients with FAP. By reducing the polyp
burden in FAP patients, celecoxib may be useful as adjunctive
chemotherapy, in addition to routine endoscopic surveillance and
surgery.
5
UI - 11889672
AU - Desjardins LA
TI -
Hepatocellular carcinoma.
SO - Clin J Oncol Nurs 2002 Mar-Apr;6(2):107-8
AD - LDesjardins@NYC.RR.com
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignancy worldwide and is a
disease of multifactorial etiology. Strong correlations exist between
the prevalence of the hepatitis B and C viruses and HCC incidence. HCC
treatment may involve surgical resection, liver transplantation,
locoregional treatments, and chemotherapy. Prevention of virus-related
HCC is contingent upon control of hepatitis types B and C. Universal
vaccination against hepatitis B could eliminate hepatitis B-related HCC;
however, hepatitis C-related HCC still could occur because a vaccine for
hepatitis C currently is not available. Individuals at risk for HCC
should be screened for the disease. Early detection could result in
improved prognosis and survival.
6
UI - 11989264
AU - Moriwaki H
TI -
[Prevention of liver neoplasms]
SO - Nippon Naika Gakkai Zasshi 2002 Mar 20;91 Suppl():63-6
7
UI - 11979443
AU - Kasum CM; Jacobs DR Jr; Nicodemus K; Folsom AR
TI -
Dietary risk factors for upper aerodigestive tract cancers.
SO - Int J Cancer 2002 May 10;99(2):267-72
AD - Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of
Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA.
We examined the association between whole-grain intake and incident
upper aerodigestive tract cancer in a cohort of 34,651 postmenopausal,
initially cancer-free women. We also studied established risk factors
for upper aerodigestive cancers, including fruit and vegetable intake,
smoking and alcohol intake. A mailed questionnaire at baseline in 1986
included a food-frequency questionnaire and assessment of other cancer
risk factors. During the 14-year follow-up period, 169 women developed
cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract. For all upper aerodigestive
cancers together, significant inverse associations were observed for the
highest compared to the lowest tertile of whole grains [relative risk
(RR) = 0.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.34-0.81] and yellow/orange
vegetables (RR = 0.58, 95% CI 0.39-0.87). In addition, those in the
highest compared to lowest tertile of fiber intake from whole grain were
less likely to develop upper aerodigestive tract cancer (RR = 0.56, 95%
CI 0.37-0.84); fiber intake from refined grain was not significantly
associated with upper aerodigestive tract cancer. Findings were
generally similar for oropharyngeal (n = 53), laryngeal (n = 21),
nasopharyngeal/salivary (n = 18), esophageal (n = 21) and gastric (n =
56) cancers, though numbers of cases were too small for statistical
testing within individual cancers. These findings confirm previous
observations that high intake of fruits and vegetables and that intake
of whole grains and the fiber derived from them may reduce risk of upper
aerodigestive tract cancers. Copyright 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
8
UI - 12051254
AU - Anonymous
TI -
How to stop a silent killer: colorectal cancer screening.
SO - State Legis 2002 Jun;28(6):7
9
UI - 12066810
AU - Anonymous
TI -
Second opinion. I recently had a colonoscopy where the doctors found a
colon polyp that wasn't cancerous and removed it. What can I do to
reduce my risk of developing more polyps?
SO - Mayo Clin Health Lett 2002 Jun;20(6):8
10
UI - 12039944
AU - Pestalozzi BC
TI -
Oxaliplatin: bimonthly, biweekly, or semimonthly?
SO - J Clin Oncol 2002 Jun 1;20(11):2758
11
UI - 11383530
AU - Maric RN; Cheng KK
TI -
Olive oil and colorectal cancer.
SO - J Epidemiol Community Health 2001 Jun;55(6):448
12
UI - 11813590
AU - Crespi M; Stigliano V; Assisi D
TI -
Current trends in screening and secondary prevention of colorectal
cancer.
SO - Hepatogastroenterology 2001 Nov-Dec;48(42):1635-40
AD - Service of Environmental Carcinogenesis, Epidemiology and Prevention,
Gastroenterology Section, National Cancer Institute Regina Elena, Viale
Regina Elena, 291, 00161 Rome, Italy. mcrespi@uni.net
Colorectal cancer is one of the most frequent neoplasms in Western
countries with an estimated 400,000 deaths per year worldwide. Several
randomized studies have demonstrated that screening programs with FOBT
(Fecal Occult Blood Test) reduce mortality from 18 to 33%, whereas
case-control and cohort studies with endoscopy have shown a mortality
reduction ranging from 60 to 76%. The target population for secondary
prevention is men and women aged more than 50 years and younger subjects
in case first-degree relatives are affected or the family pedigree
raises the suspicion of a genetic syndrome. This report summarizes the
results of different screening strategies for average risk patients
(FOBT, anamnestic risk questionnaire, sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy and
virtual colonoscopy) and the surveillance protocols applicable to
high-risk patients, particularly for hereditary syndromes such as HNPCC
and FAP.
13
UI - 10796903
AU - Gazelle GS; McMahon PM; Scholz FJ
TI -
Screening for colorectal cancer.
SO - Radiology 2000 May;215(2):327-35
AD - Department of Radiology, Decision Analysis and Technology Assessment
Group, Zero Emerson Pl, Suite 2H, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
gazelle@nmr@mgh.harvard.edu
Colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the
second leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. Fortunately,
both the incidence and mortality associated with the disease have
declined during the past 2 decades. This is likely due, at least in
part, to improved efforts at screening and more aggressive removal of
adenomatous polyps. However, colorectal cancer screening is still
generally underutilized. This article reviews the current status and
future outlook for colorectal cancer screening, including a discussion
of risk factors for the disease, its anatomic distribution, proposed
mechanisms of development from adenomatous polyps, rationale for
screening, and screening options. Published literature concerning the
cost-effectiveness of colorectal cancer screening is also summarized.
The article concludes with a discussion of the emerging consensus
regarding the importance of and approaches to screening.
The above citations and abstracts reflect those newly added to CANCERLIT for the month and topic listed in the title. The citations have been retrieved from CANCERLIT using a predefined search strategy of indexed subject terms. Although the search strategy has been refined as best as possible, citations may appear that are not directly related to the topic, and occasionally relevant references may be omitted.
Cancer Types
Bone Cancer
Brain Tumors
Breast Cancer
Carcinoid Tumors
Endocrine System Cancers
Gastrointestinal Cancers
Gynecologic Cancers
Head and Neck Cancers
Leukemia
Lung Cancers
Lymphomas
Myelomas
Pediatric Cancers
Penile Cancer
Prostate Cancer
Sarcomas
Skin Cancers
Testicular Cancer
Thyroid Cancer
Urinary Tract Cancers
OncoLink Vet
Cancer Treatment
Biologic Therapy
Bone Marrow Transplants
Chemotherapy
Clinical Trials
Complementary Medicine
Gene Therapy
General Treatment Concerns
Hormone Therapy
PDT Center
Proton Therapy
Radiation Oncology
Surgical Oncology
Targeted Therapies
Vaccine Therapies
Cancer Support
Caregivers
Hospice Care and Bereavement
Nutrition and Cancer
Sexuality & Fertility
Side Effects
Support
Survivorship
Exercise and Cancer
Cancer Resources
Cancer News
OncoLink University
Nurses' Notes
Conferences
Newly Diagnosed Patients
Causes and Prevention
Legal and Financial Information for Patients
LGBT Resources
NCI Resources
Global Resources
Cancer Resource List
Resources for Young Adults
OncoLink Media Library
OncoLink TV
Book, Music and Video Reviews
Ask the Experts
Brown Bag Chat
Tracy's Corner
About OncoLink
About OncoLink
Giving to OncoLink
Contact Information
Usage Policy
Editorial Board
How to Partner with OncoLink
Link to OncoLink
Mission Statement
