- Cancer Types
Information about risk, prevention, screening, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and support for all cancers Cancer A to Z - Cancer Treatment
Cancer Treatment
Information about cancer treatment, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, clinical trials, proton therapy, complementary medicine, and cutting edge technologies.
- Risk and Prevention
- Cancer Drugs
- Support
Support
Ways for cancer patients and caregivers to cope with cancer, side effects, nutrition, general cancer support issues, grief/end of life issues, and shared survivor's experiences.
- Healthcare Professionals
- Clinical Trials
My Patient Treatment Binder
OncoLink Blogs
What's My Cancer Risk?
OncoPilot: Navigating Your Cancer Journey
Community Events Calendar
OncoLink eNews
Abramson Cancer CenterNCI CANCERLIT® Search: Small Cell Lung Cancer - June 2002
National Cancer Institute®
Last Modified: June 1, 2002
- Identification of tumor suppressor loci on the long arm of chromosome 4 in primary small cell lung cancers.
- Expression of histidine decarboxylase and synthesis of histamine by human small cell lung carcinoma.
- Radiation therapy for small-cell lung cancer: results of the 1995-1997 patterns of care process survey in Japan.
- Diagnosis of visceral pleural invasion by lung cancer using intraoperative touch cytology.
- Transferrin overcomes drug resistance to artemisinin in human small-cell lung carcinoma cells.
- [Progress in diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer]
- [Current status of the chemotherapy for lung cancer]
- [Combination chemotherapy with carboplatin and etoposide for elderly patients aged 76 years or older with small cell lung cancer]
- The role of extracellular matrix in small-cell lung cancer.
- Carboplatin + epirubicin +VP-16 + lenograstim followed by radiotherapy + carboplatin as radiosensitizer in limited small cell lung cancer. A
- Paclitaxel, carboplatin, and topotecan in the treatment of patients with small cell lung cancer: a phase II trial of the Minnie Pearl Cancer
- Identification of genes over-expressed in small cell lung carcinoma using suppression subtractive hybridization and cDNA microarray
- CT-based study on potential mediastinal lymph node spread of patients with lung cancer. Contribution to 3-D treatment planning for adjuvant
- [To be cured of lung cancer]
- The coexistence of tuberculosis infection and lung cancer in patients treated in pulmonary department of Medical Academy in Lublin during last
- Extracellular matrix regulation of drug resistance in small-cell lung cancer.
- MRP1 modulation by PAK-104P: detection with technetium-99m-MIBI in cultured lung tumor cells.
- Association of galectin-1- but not galectin-3-dependent parameters with proliferation activity in human neuroblastomas and small cell lung
- Interferon trials in small cell lung cancer at one institution: a comparison of results obtained before and after initiation of systematic
- Mechanism of vinorelbine-induced radiosensitization of human small cell lung cancer cells.
- [Limited stage small cell lung cancer]
Table of Contents
1
UI - 11971207
AU - Cho ES; Chang J; Chung KY; Shin DH; Kim YS; Kim SK; Kim SK
TI -
Identification of tumor suppressor loci on the long arm of chromosome 4
in primary small cell lung cancers.
SO - Yonsei Med J 2002 Apr;43(2):145-51
AD - Department of Internal Medicine and Cancer Metastasis Research Center,
Yonsei University College of Medicine, C.P.O. Box 8044, Seoul 120-752,
Korea.
Recent cytogenetic studies have indicated that loss of the long arm of
chromosome 4 is a frequent event in small cell lung cancer (SCLC), which
suggests the presence of tumor suppressor genes there. To precisely map
tumor-suppressor loci on chromosome 4q for further positional cloning
efforts, we tested 15 primary SCLCs. Forty two polymorphic
microsatellite markers located on chromosome 4q were used in the
microsatellite analysis. We found that 12 (80%) of the 15 tumors
exhibited loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in at least one of the tested
microsatellite markers, and that 3 (25%) of these 12 tumors exhibited a
larger area of deletion on chromosome 4q. Frequent LOH, defined as
occurring in more than 50% of the tumors, was observed in five commonly
deleted regions on 4q, namely 4q24, 4q27-28.3, 4q33, 4q34.1, and
4q34.3-35.2. Of these 5, LOH at 4q33 was the most frequent (61.5%). Six
(40%) of the 15 tumors exhibited shifted bands in at least one of the
tested microsatellite markers. Shifted bands occurred in 3.7% (23 of
630) of the loci tested. Our data demonstrated that at least five
tumor-suppressor loci exist on the long arm of chromosome 4 and that
they may play an important role in the development and progression of
primary small cell lung cancer tumorigenesis.
2
UI - 12000707
AU - Graff L; Frungieri M; Zanner R; Pohlinger A; Prinz C; Gratzl M
TI -
Expression of histidine decarboxylase and synthesis of histamine by
human small cell lung carcinoma.
SO - Am J Pathol 2002 May;160(5):1561-5
AD - Anatomisches Institut, Universitat Munchen, Munchen, Germany.
We recently found that human small cell lung carcinomas (SCLCs) express,
in addition to other neuroendocrine markers, vesicular monoamine
transporters. Our present results indicate that SCLCs are histaminergic.
We detected the biosynthetic enzyme histidine decarboxylase by
immunohistochemistry in paraffin sections of 12 biopsies of SCLC tumors.
This finding was supported by immunoblotting and reverse
transcription-polymerase chain reaction experiments using established
SCLC cell lines, frozen and paraffin-embedded SCLC tumors. Moreover, we
found histamine to be synthesized, stored, and released by cultured SCLC
cells. Our novel observations may be useful for developing new
diagnostic tools for this frequent and highly malignant tumor.
3
UI - 11844602
AU - Uno T; Sumi M; Ikeda H; Teshima T; Yamashita M; Inoue T; Japanese PCS
TI -
Working Subgroup of Lung Cancer
Radiation therapy for small-cell lung cancer: results of the 1995-1997
patterns of care process survey in Japan.
SO - Lung Cancer 2002 Mar;35(3):279-85
AD - Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Chiba University,
Inohana 1-8-1, Chuou-ku, Chiba City, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
unotakas@ho.chiba-u.ac.jp
The Patterns of Care Study (PCS) conducted a nationwide audit survey in
order to establish the national practice process of radiation therapy
for small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and examined the influence of
institutional stratification on the process of care in Japan. The PCS
randomly sampled institutions and patients using a two-stage cluster
method and surveyed the process of radiation therapy for 174 stage I-III
SCLC patients according to the category of institution, stratified as
follows: A1, academic institutions treating > or = 300 patients a year;
A2, <300 patients; B1, non-academic institutions treating > or = 120
patients a year; and B2, <120 patients. Karnofsky performance status
distributions showed significant variance by stratification of
institutions (P=0.013). Patients treated on an outpatient basis
accounted for 32% in A1, 23% in A2, 8% in B1, but only 5% in B2
(P=0.007). A photon energy > or = 10 MV was used for 87% of patients in
A1, 69% in A2, 54% in B1 and 23% in B2 (P=0.001). Contralateral hilus
was irradiated for 11% of patients in A1, 17% in A2, 29% in B1 and 3% in
B2 (P=0.001). Field size reduction during the treatment course was done
for 77% of patients in A1, 54% in A2, 60% in B1 and 42% in B2 (P=0.007).
Ninety-two percent of patients received combined chemotherapy and
radiation therapy, and the most frequently used drugs were etoposide
(91%) and cisplatin (69%). The results of clinical studies on SCLC had
favorably penetrated into the clinical practice. However, the
stratification of institutions significantly affected the process of
radiation therapy in Japan.
4
UI - 12022548
AU - Saito Y; Yamakawa Y; Kiriyama M; Fukai I; Kondo S; Kaji M; Yano M;
TI -
Yokoyama T; Fujii Y
Diagnosis of visceral pleural invasion by lung cancer using
intraoperative touch cytology.
SO - Ann Thorac Surg 2002 May;73(5):1552-6; discussion 1556-7
AD - Department of Surgery II, Nagoya City University Medical School, Nagoya,
Japan.
BACKGROUND: Invasion to the visceral pleura is an important component of
lung cancer staging and an independent prognostic factor. However, the
accuracy of pathologic examination depends on how the sections are made,
and the pathologist may miss the most invaded part of the pleura.
Therefore, we have designed "touch" cytology in an effort to more
accurately diagnose the pleural invasion by lung cancer. METHODS:
Immediately after thoracotomy, the surface of the visceral pleura just
above the tumor was gently touched by a glass slide without scrubbing in
100 patients who simultaneously underwent pleural lavage cytology or
cytology of the subclinical pleural effusion. RESULTS: Seventeen percent
of the tumors were diagnosed as invading the visceral pleura by touch
cytology. Lavage cytology was found to be positive in 7%. In reference
to the pathologic examination of the tumor specimen, touch cytology was
found to be positive in all of p3, 5 out of 6 of p2, 5 out of 30 of p1,
and 5 out of 62 of p0 cases. Touch cytology correctly diagnosed all the
positive cases detected by lavage or effusion cytology. CONCLUSIONS:
This study suggests that our method is useful in detecting the visceral
pleural invasion and raises a possibility that pathologic p0 and p1 lung
cancers include a subset of patients with tumor cells exposed on the
pleural surface.
5
UI - 11888669
AU - Sadava D; Phillips T; Lin C; Kane SE
TI -
Transferrin overcomes drug resistance to artemisinin in human small-cell
lung carcinoma cells.
SO - Cancer Lett 2002 May 28;179(2):151-6
AD - Keck Science Center, 925 N. Mills Avenue, Claremont, CA 91711, USA.
dsadava@jsd.claremont.edu
Multiple drug resistance is a significant problem in small-cell lung
cancer (SCLC). Artemisinin (ART) is a natural product used to treat
drug-resistant malaria. The drug is effective because the Fe2+ present
in infected erythrocytes acts non-enzymatically to convert ART to toxic
products. We tested the effects of ART on drug-sensitive (H69) and
multi-drug-resistant (H69VP) SCLC cells, pretreated with transferrin
(TF) to increase the intracellular Fe2+ level. Antibody staining
followed by flow cytometry analysis showed twice the level of TF
receptors on the H69VP as compared to the H69 cells. Low doses of ART
were cytotoxic to SCLC cells. The cytotoxicity of ART for H69VP cells
(IC50=24 nM) was ten-fold lower than for H69 cells (IC50=2.3 nM),
indicating that ART is part of the drug resistance phenotype.
Pretreatment of H69 cells with 220-880 nM TF did not alter the IC50 for
ART. However, in the ART-resistant H69VP cells, pretreatment with TF
lowered the ART IC50 to near drug-sensitive levels (IC50=5.4 nM after 4
h pretreatment with 880 nM TF). Desferrioxamine (5 microM) inhibited the
effect of TF on the IC50 for ART in drug-resistant cells but did not
have an effect on ART cytotoxicity in drug-sensitive cells. DNA
fragmentation as measured by ELISA occurred within ART-treated cells,
with kinetics indicating apoptosis rather than necrosis. This was
confirmed by TUNEL staining. These data indicate the potential use of
ART and TF in drug-resistant SCLC.
6
UI - 11989256
AU - Fukuoka M
TI -
[Progress in diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer]
SO - Nippon Naika Gakkai Zasshi 2002 Mar 20;91 Suppl():15-22
7
UI - 12040671
AU - Tsuboi M; Kato H
TI -
[Current status of the chemotherapy for lung cancer]
SO - Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2002 May;29(5):684-94
AD - Dept. of Surgery, Tokyo Medical University.
In the treatment of limited-stage small cell lung cancer (LD-SCLC) and
unresectable locally-advanced non-small cell lung cancer, several phase
III trials and meta-analysis have demonstrated the following: 1)
combining chemotherapy and thoracic irradiation is better than
chemotherapy alone or radiotherapy alone, 2) the concurrent use of
chemoradiotherapy has been expected a better survival than the
sequential use, 3) the improvement in outcome seen with a concurrent
chemoradiotherapy approach may be because of spatial cooperation,
enhanced radiosensitization, and/or enhanced cytotoxicity, and 4) the
chemoradiotherapy is tolerable without significant morbidities, such as
pneumonitis and esophagitis. However, the chemoradiotherapy is still an
investigational strategy because of the absence of a definite schedule
and dose on radiotherapy. Newer, more tolerable chemotherapeutic agents,
molecular biologic novel approaches and newer irradiated procedures are
now being investigated.
8
UI - 12040679
AU - Tada A; Ueoka H; Kiura K; Tabata M; Takemoto M; Yamane H; Hiyama J; Aoe
TI -
K; Shibayama T; Kamei H; Kawahara S; Harita S; Sato T; Kobayashi M;
Eguchi K; Hiraki S; Hiraki Y; Tanimoto M
[Combination chemotherapy with carboplatin and etoposide for elderly
patients aged 76 years or older with small cell lung cancer]
SO - Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2002 May;29(5):751-6
AD - Dept. of Internal Medicine, National Minami-Okayama Hospital.
Eighteen elderly patients aged 76 years or older with small cell lung
cancer were treated with carboplatin (AUC = 4 mg/ml.min, i.v. day 1) and
etoposide (70 mg/m2 i.v. day 1-3) and 17 patients were evaluable. The
median age of the study population was 77 years (range: 76-81). Eight
patients had limited disease (LD) and nine did extensive disease (ED).
The overall response rate was 88% for LD patients and 67% for ED
patients. Median survival time was 219 days for LD patients and 158 days
for ED patients. Grade 3 and 4 leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia
and anemia occurred in 41%, 76%, 24% and 6% of patients, respectively.
There was one treatment-related death due to pneumonitis.
9
UI - 11905738
AU - Rintoul RC; Sethi T
TI -
The role of extracellular matrix in small-cell lung cancer.
SO - Lancet Oncol 2001 Jul;2(7):437-42
AD - Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, UK.
Lung cancer is the most common fatal malignant disease in the western
world, accounting for 42,000 deaths each year in the UK alone.
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), accounts for 25% of all lung cancers. It
is a particularly aggressive form of the disease, characterised by
widespread metastases and the development of resistance to chemotherapy.
Even with combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatments, the
5-year survival is only about 5%. We review recent insights into the
mechanisms underlying the development of metastases and resistance to
chemotherapeutic agents in SCLC, focusing on the role of the
extracellular matrix (ECM). We discuss the regulation of the
interactions between cells and the ECM and the effects of these
interactions on cellular phenotypes, together with some of the new
approaches for combating drug resistance and metastases in this disease.
10
UI - 11911315
AU - Gridelli C; Curcio C; Iaffaioli RV; Brancaccio L; D'Aprile M; Gebbia V;
TI -
Rossi A; Tortoriello A; Veltri E; Maione P; Barbarisi A; Gallo C; Guida
C; Perrone F
Carboplatin + epirubicin +VP-16 + lenograstim followed by radiotherapy +
carboplatin as radiosensitizer in limited small cell lung cancer. A
multicenter phase II study.
SO - Anticancer Res 2001 Nov-Dec;21(6A):4179-83
AD - Oncologia Medica B, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Napoli, Italy.
cgridelli@sirio-oncology.it
A phase II trial was undertaken to test the activity and toxicity of
carboplatin (300 mg/m2, i.v. day 1) + epirubicin (75 mg/m2, i.v. day 1)
+ VP-16 (100 mg/m2, i.v. days 1 to 3) + lenograstim (5 mcg/kg, s.c. days
6 to 15) administered every 3 weeks for 4 cycles and subsequent chest
irradiation (50 Gy) + daily carboplatin (25 mg/m2) in the first-line
treatment of adults affected by limited small cell lung cancer (SCLC).
PATIENTS AND METHODS: A single-stage phase II design was used; the
complete response (CR) rate after chest radiotherapy was the primary
end-point. Twenty-three CRs were required out of 38 patients to consider
the treatment worthy of further study. Prophylactic cranial irradiation
(PCI) was planned in case of CR. Patients aged < or = 70 were eligible
if they had limited SCLC, a performance status not worse than 2 by the
ECOG scale and no prior chemotherapy or radiotherapy. RESULTS: From
was 60 years. All the patients started chemotherapy; 23 patients
received chest irradiation and concurrent daily carboplatin; 11 patients
also received PCI. Toxicity was generally mild. Sixteen CRs (48.5%, 95%
CI: 30.8-66.5) were recorded; the objective response rate was 72.7% (95%
CI: 54.5-86.7). The median time-to-progression was 7.9 months (95% CI:
6.5-10.4). The median-survival was 10.7 months (95% CI: 9.2-16.1).
CONCLUSION: Induction chemotherapy with carboplatin + epirubicin + VP-16
followed by chest irradiation plus concurrent daily carboplatin is
well-tolerated but not sufficiently active to warrant further study in
the treatment of patients with limited SCLC.
11
UI - 12033195
AU - Hainsworth JD; Morrissey LH; Scullin DC Jr; Houston GA; Prasthofer EF;
TI -
Gray JR; Burris HA 3rd; Greco FA
Paclitaxel, carboplatin, and topotecan in the treatment of patients with
small cell lung cancer: a phase II trial of the Minnie Pearl Cancer
Research Network.
SO - Cancer 2002 May 1;94(9):2426-33
AD - The Sarah Cannon Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37203, USA.
jhainsworth@tnonc.com
BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility,
toxicity, and efficacy of a novel three-drug regimen containing
paclitaxel, carboplatin, and topotecan followed by oral etoposide in the
first-line treatment of patients with small cell lung carcinoma.
METHODS: One hundred five patients with previously untreated, limited
stage or extensive stage small cell lung carcinoma were treated in this
multicenter, community-based, Phase II trial. All patients received
paclitaxel 135 mg/m(2) by 1-hour intravenous (i.v.) infusion on Day 1,
carboplatin at an area under the serum concentration-time curve of 5.0
i.v. on Day 1, and topotecan 0.75 mg/ m(2) i.v. on Days 1-3. The
treatment regimen was repeated at 21-day intervals for 4 courses.
Patients with limited stage disease also received radiation therapy (45
grays [Gy]; in single daily fractions of 1.8 Gy) beginning concurrently
with the third course of chemotherapy. Patients who had an objective
response or stable disease after 4 courses of combined paclitaxel,
carboplatin, and topotecan then received 3 courses of oral etoposide (50
mg alternating with 100 mg for 10 consecutive days) repeated at 21-day
intervals. RESULTS: Treatment with paclitaxel, carboplatin, and
topotecan produced response rates of 88% and 93% in patients with
extensive stage disease and limited stage disease, respectively. The
median survival for patients with extensive stage and limited stage
disease was 8.3 months and 17.2 months, respectively. The addition of
oral etoposide was feasible, but there was no suggestion that it
prolonged remission. This three- drug regimen was associated with
acceptable toxicity in patients with a good performance status, although
it was tolerated very poorly by patients with an Eastern Cooperative
Oncology Group performance status of 2; 5 of 12 patients (42%) had
treatment-related deaths. CONCLUSIONS: Although this three-drug regimen
was active in the treatment of patients with small cell lung carcinoma,
it was more toxic than standard platinum and etoposide regimens and
provided no apparent improvement in efficacy. Further investigation of
topotecan as a component of first-line therapy should focus on two-drug
combination regimens in which the topotecan dose can be optimized.
Routine use of three-drug regimens in patients with small cell lung
carcinoma should await demonstration of superiority in randomized
trials.
12
UI - 12032850
AU - Bangur CS; Switzer A; Fan L; Marton MJ; Meyer MR; Wang T
TI -
Identification of genes over-expressed in small cell lung carcinoma
using suppression subtractive hybridization and cDNA microarray
expression analysis.
SO - Oncogene 2002 May 23;21(23):3814-25
AD - Tumor Antigen Discovery, Corixa Corporation, 1124 Columbia Street,
Seattle, Washington WA 98104, USA. bangur@corixa.com
To identify genes that are differentially over-expressed in Small Cell
Lung Carcinoma (SCLC) we have used a combination of suppression
subtractive hybridization and cDNA microarray to analyse the expression
profiles of 2400 cDNAs clones. Genes that are over-expressed in SCLC
were identified using 32 pairs of fluorescence-labeled cDNA samples
representing various lung tumors and normal tissues. This comprehensive
approach has resulted in the identification of 209 genes that are
differentially over-expressed in SCLC. Quantitative real-time PCR was
used to further validate the expression of 43 genes in SCLC tumors and
various normal tissues. Discussed in this report are nine genes, which
showed the most promising SCLC tumor to normal tissue differential
expression profiles, including seven known and two novel genes. The
large number of differentially expressed genes identified from this
analysis and the characterization of these genes will provide valuable
information in better understanding the biology of SCLC and help us in
developing these gene products as potential targets for diagnostic as
well as therapeutic usage.
13
UI - 12040757
AU - Slanina J; Laubenberger J
TI -
CT-based study on potential mediastinal lymph node spread of patients
with lung cancer. Contribution to 3-D treatment planning for adjuvant
radiotherapy of the mediastinum.
SO - Strahlenther Onkol 2002 Apr;178(4):199-208
AD - Department of Radiation Therapy, Radiological University Clinic,
Freiburg, Germany. henke@uni-freiburg.de
AIMS: To provide a schematized and graduated CT reference series of the
mediastinum showing CT-detectable lymph node areas of lung cancer
patients to support 3-D treatment planning and documentation for
adjuvant irradiation of the mediastinum. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Cross
sections of mediastinal structures from one male individual were
schematized and overlaid with a 1 cm2 reference grid. Mediastinal CT
scans of 100 consecutive patients with histologically proven lung cancer
and CT-detectable lymph nodes were evaluated. For each patient the
outlines of all identifiable nodes were transferred into the schematized
CT series according to their localization in relation to anatomical
landmarks. The outlines were centered in a predefined way into relevant
squares of the reference grid. The number of patients with nodes
projecting to individual CT cross sections was determined. Further, the
number and percentage of patients locating to positive grid squares were
analyzed. RESULTS: A differentiated pattern of CT-detectable lymph nodes
was confirmed. Along the longitudinal axis the CT-detectable nodes
followed a Gaussian distribution with its maximum (89% of all patients)
at the level of the tracheal bifurcation. At different transverse levels
closely circumscribed central areas with node positive grid squares were
identified harboring up to 72% of the patients (locating to the front of
the trachea, the bifurcation and below the carina). Peripheral areas
showed only sporadically node positive grid squares, usually
representing less than 5% of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: These
schematized and graduated CT cross sections show areas of CT-detectable
lymph node spread from the view of 3-D planning. They are of additional
help to individualize mediastinal target volumes and/or dose
distributions, particularly when administering adjuvant irradiation to
patients without mediastinal lymph node involvement. Classifying
mediastinal structures by using a grid square easily allows to describe
and document target volumes and dose distributions per cross section.
14
UI - 12016035
AU - Depierre A; Jacoulet P; Westeel V; Falcoz PE
TI -
[To be cured of lung cancer]
SO - Bull Cancer 2002 Apr;89(4):351-6
AD - Service de pneumologie, Hopital Jean-Minjoz, boulevard Fleming, 25030
Besancon Cedex, France.
Pronostic of lung carcinoma is very poor but, every year in Europe and
North America, thousands of patients are offered a chance of cure.
However only a long period of time without relapse allows to state the
reality of cure. Sequelae generated by cancer treatments are potentially
increased by the use of treatments combinations. In operated patients,
chronic respiratory insufficiency is the most common late complication
often interfering with professionnal activity especially for manual
workers. Late toxicity after radiotherapy for lung cancer has been
little studied. Thoracic irradiation especially affects lung and cardiac
functions. Late toxicity of chemotherapy may be more frequent with the
increasing use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy before surgery or
radiotherapy in patients potentially cure.
15
UI - 11820634
AU - Rybacka-Chabros B; Mandziuk S; Berger-Lukasiewicz A; Danko-Mrozinska M;
TI -
Milanowski J
The coexistence of tuberculosis infection and lung cancer in patients
treated in pulmonary department of Medical Academy in Lublin during last
ten years (1990-2000).
SO - Folia Histochem Cytobiol 2001;39 Suppl 2():73-4
AD - Pulmonary Department, Medical Academy, Lublin, Poland.
The coexistance of tuberculous infection (TB-infection) and lung cancer
in patients treated in Pulmonary Department of Medical Academy in Lublin
during last ten years (1990-2000) has been evaluated. Inclusion criteria
involved: aging from 50 to 80 years, tobacco smoking, tuberculous
infection in present or in past, lung cancer. All analyzed patients (32
males, 13 females) were heavy smokers (from 10 to 70 cigarettes per day,
during at least 5 years). 27 patients were suffered from lung
tuberculosis in past, the rest of them had active tuberculous infection.
In 19 cases we detected carcinoma planoepitheliale, in 13 cases
carcinoma macrocellulare, in 7 cases carcinoma microcellulare and in 6
cases adenocarcinoma. We concluded, that increased occurrence of lung
cancer in TB reinfected patients may be connected with immunodepression
caused by chronic TB infection. In patients with new active TB-infection
in whom the clinical status and chest X-ray were getting worse in spite
of antituberculotic treatment recommended procedures for cancer
diagnosis were performed. We suggest that bad results of
anti-tuberculotic treatment in TB-infected patients are not always
caused by bactericidal resistance. In these cases, the proper diagnosis
of lung cancer should be considered.
16
UI - 11914104
AU - Rintoul RC; Sethi T
TI -
Extracellular matrix regulation of drug resistance in small-cell lung
cancer.
SO - Clin Sci (Lond) 2002 Apr;102(4):417-24
AD - Centre for Inflammation Research, Rayne Laboratory, Medical School,
University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, Scotland, U.K.
rrintoul@ed.ac.uk
Tumour recurrence following chemotherapy remains a major obstacle to the
cure of many cancers. This is exemplified by small-cell lung cancer
(SCLC). Host-tumour interactions are central to tumour survival and
proliferation. We hypothesized that a factor(s) within the local
environment of SCLC cells could provide a survival signal or block a
death signal, thereby accounting for the protection of SCLC cells from
chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Here we review recent work undertaken in
our laboratory addressing this issue. We have shown that, in vivo, SCLC
cells are surrounded by an extensive stroma of extracellular matrix
(ECM) at both primary and metastatic sites which contains, among other
proteins, fibronectin, laminin and collagen IV. Furthermore, adhesion of
SCLC cells to fibronectin, laminin and collagen IV through beta1
integrins enhances tumorigenicity and confers resistance to apoptosis
induced by standard chemotherapeutic agents, including etoposide,
cis-platinum and adriamycin. Adhesion to ECM proteins stimulated protein
tyrosine kinase (PTK) activity in both untreated and etoposide-treated
cells. This effect could be completely blocked by a selective PTK
inhibitor or by a function-blocking beta1 integrin antibody. PTK
activation was found to block chemotherapy-induced activation of the
death protease caspase-3 and, hence, apoptosis. Adhesion to ECM or
treatment with a PTK inhibitor did not affect etoposide inhibition of
topoisomerase II. Thus adhesion to ECM through beta1 integrins protects
SCLC cells from chemotherapy-induced caspase-3 activation and apoptosis
by activating PTK signalling downstream of DNA damage. Survival of
tumour cells attached to ECM within this microenvironment could explain
the local recurrence of SCLC and other tumours that is often seen
clinically after chemotherapy.
17
UI - 12017298
AU - Vergote J; Moretti JL; Kouyoumdjian JC; Garnier-Suillerot A
TI -
MRP1 modulation by PAK-104P: detection with technetium-99m-MIBI in
cultured lung tumor cells.
SO - Anticancer Res 2002 Jan-Feb;22(1A):251-6
AD - Universite Paris Nord, Unite de Radiopharmacologie, UPRES 2360, UFR
Sante Medecine Biologie Humaine, Bobigny, France.
BACKGROUND: Resistance mediated by the MultiDrug Resistance protein
(P-glycoprotein and MRP1), results in energy-dependent efflux of drugs
and 99mTc-MIBI from the cells. The goal of our investigation was to
evaluate the capacity of PAK-104P to lower multidrug resistance by
decreasing substrate efflux. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 99mTc-MIBI
accumulation was quantified in the leukaemia cell line which expresses
the P-glycoprotein (K562/R) or not (K562/S) and the small lung cancer
cell line which expresses MRP1 (GLC4/R) or not (GLC4/S). Three
experimental protocols were used: 1). cells were treated with increasing
concentrations of PAK-104P; 2). the plasma membrane potential was
lowered; 3). intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) was depleted.
RESULTS: Exposure of cells to 5 microM PAK-104P affected 99mTc-MIBI
accumulation as follow: 1). no effect on K562 cell lines; 2). increased
8-fold in GLC4/R; 3). enhanced in GLC4 after GSH concentration and
transmembrane potential reduction. CONCLUSION: Assessed by 99mTc-MIBI,
PAK-104P modulated MRP1 activity by the decrease of intracellular GSH
concentration.
18
UI - 12017323
AU - Gabius HJ; Andre S; Gunsenhauser I; Kaltner H; Kayser G; Kopitz J; Lahm
TI -
H; Harms D; Szymas J; Kayser K
Association of galectin-1- but not galectin-3-dependent parameters with
proliferation activity in human neuroblastomas and small cell lung
carcinomas.
SO - Anticancer Res 2002 Jan-Feb;22(1A):405-10
AD - Institut fur Physiologische Chemie, Tierarztliche Fakultat,
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat, Munich, Germany.
BACKGROUND: Galectins, a family of animal lectins binding
beta-galactosides, are involved in growth regulation of diverse cell
types in vitro, even harboring the potential to act as biphasic
modulators with cell type selectivity. Owing to this capacity they might
affect tumor growth when expression is adapted adequately. MATERIALS AND
METHODS: To determine galectin-1-/-3- related features in
routinely-fixed sections of two tumor types with poor prognosis
(neuroblastoma and small cell lung carcinoma), immuno- and lectin
histochemistry with specific antibodies and labeled galectins was
performed. RESULTS: In comparison to previously studied tissue culture
models, galectin-3 was frequently present, documenting occurrence of
discrepancies between tumor models and clinical material for this
protein. Cytoplasmic staining with galectin-1 and its antibody coincides
with the proliferative activity of positive tumor cells determined by
the MIB-1 monoclonal antibody. No statistical correlation was seen for
galectin-3. CONCLUSION: These results encourage further cell biological
studies to assess a regulatory role of galectin-1 on cell growth in
vitro as a model for interfering with tumor proliferation by modulating
expression of this type of endogenous effector(s).
19
UI - 11911799
AU - Ruotsalainen TM; Mattson K
TI -
Interferon trials in small cell lung cancer at one institution: a
comparison of results obtained before and after initiation of systematic
treatment trials using IFN-alpha in combination with other modalities.
SO - J Interferon Cytokine Res 2002 Feb;22(2):165-71
AD - Department of Oncology, Division of Respiratory Diseases, Helsinki
University Central Hospital, Finland. Tarja.Routsalainen@hus.fi
Chemotherapy became the primary treatment for small cell lung cancer
(SCLC) in the early 1970s. The standard drug combinations were first
vincristine, adriamycin, and cyclophosphamide (VAC) and then, from the
early 1980s, etoposide-platinum combinations. Despite a good initial
objective response, however, patients usually suffer a rapid relapse.
Treatment development has, therefore, focused on ways to overcome drug
resistance, and on the addition of cytokines to the chemotherapeutic
arsenal. Interferon (IFN) was one of the first cytokines found to have
anticancer effects, and it was introduced into the combined modality
regimens used to treat SCLC in the early 1980s in an attempt to overcome
the problem of early relapse. The role of IFN was investigated with the
aim of establishing how best to combine it with other treatments for
SCLC. In this paper, we review the impact of IFN on the outcome for 714
SCLC patients who were treated in randomized IFN trials at one
institution over a period of 20 years and IFN trials conducted at other
institutions during the same period. The parameters we used at our
institution to measure outcome tended to improve during the period when
patients were being treated in our three randomized IFN trials, compared
with the period when patients received only standard treatment in a
nonclinical trial setting. However, the differences were not
statistically significant. During this period, IFN was used as
maintenance therapy, concomitantly with chemotherapy, and combined with
other treatment modalities. Our experience is that IFN-alpha is most
effective when administered as low-dose maintenance treatment. Other IFN
trials published during the same period were small and heterogeneous.
Results were inconsistent and added little new information, although it
has been shown that high pretreatment levels of serum vascular
endothelial growth factor (VEGF) predict a poor response to treatment
and consequently a poor outcome. The recently confirmed antiangiogenic
properties of IFN deserve to be investigated in studies of maintenance
treatment, in combination with other biologic agents. Patient should be
selected according to criteria based on pretreatment assessment of
biologic markers, such as VEGF and basic fibroblast growth factor
(bFGF). Our studies, all at one institution, pioneered the biologic
treatment of solid tumors and developed a solid basis of knowledge for
future studies of biologic agents in cancer treatment.
20
UI - 11976832
AU - Fukuoka K; Arioka H; Iwamoto Y; Fukumoto H; Kurokawa H; Ishida T;
TI -
Tomonari A; Suzuki T; Usuda J; Kanzawa F; Kimura H; Saijo N; Nishio K
Mechanism of vinorelbine-induced radiosensitization of human small cell
lung cancer cells.
SO - Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2002 May;49(5):385-90
AD - Pharmacology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo,
Japan.
Vinorelbine (Navelbine, KW-2307), a semisynthetic vinca alkaloid, is a
potent inhibitor of mitotic microtubule polymerization. The aims of this
study were to demonstrate vinorelbine-induced radiosensitization of
human small cell lung cancer (SCLC) SBC-3 cells and to elucidate the
mechanisms of radiosensitization. A clonogenic assay demonstrated that
SBC-3 cells were sensitized to radiation by vinorelbine using different
schedules combining exposure to both. The sensitizer enhancement ratios
(SERs) at a cell survival level of 10% were 1.42+/-0.21 to 1.33+/-0.06,
and 1.22+/-0.07 depending on schedule. Vinorelbine-induced
radiosensitization did not depend on the schedule of the combined
exposure. Flow cytometric analyses showed that the cells did not
accumulate in the radiosensitive G(2)/M phase of the cell cycle after
concurrent treatment with vinorelbine and radiation. The results of an
alkaline filter elution assay demonstrated that in the presence of
vinorelbine at 1 n M radiation-induced DNA strand breaks were not
completely repaired at 24 h postradiation. We conclude that human SCLC
SBC-3 cells are sensitized to radiation by vinorelbine and that a
possible mechanisms of vinorelbine-induced radiosensitization may at
least in part be associated with impairment of DNA repair following
radiation-induced DNA damage.
21
UI - 12043222
AU - Sueyama H
TI -
[Limited stage small cell lung cancer]
SO - Nippon Igaku Hoshasen Gakkai Zasshi 2002 Apr;62(5):194-7
AD - Division of Radiation Therapy, Niigata Prefectural Central Hospital.
Recent progress in the treatment of limited stage small cell lung cancer
(LD-SCLC) is reviewed. SCLC represents 15-20% of all lung cancers.
Combination chemotherapy is considered the treatment of choice because
SCLC usually is widespread at diagnosis. The PE (CDDP + Etoposide)
regimen and concurrent thoracic irradiation have yielded the best
survival results in LD-SCLC. Although the timing of chemotherapy and
thoracic radiation is still controversial, the early integration of
chemotherapy and thoracic irradiation produces a small survival
advantage over the late integration of chemoradiotherapy. Radiotherapy
should be delivered to a smaller target volume based on CT planning, and
twice-daily chest irradiation (accelerated hyperfractionation) is
recommended because of improvement in local control and survival.
Meta-analysis has shown that prophylactic cranial irradiation reduced
the rate of brain metastases and increased 3-year survival by 5% in
patients with SCLC in complete response.
The above citations and abstracts reflect those newly added to CANCERLIT for the month and topic listed in the title. The citations have been retrieved from CANCERLIT using a predefined search strategy of indexed subject terms. Although the search strategy has been refined as best as possible, citations may appear that are not directly related to the topic, and occasionally relevant references may be omitted.
Cancer Types
Bone Cancer
Brain Tumors
Breast Cancer
Carcinoid Tumors
Endocrine System Cancers
Gastrointestinal Cancers
Gynecologic Cancers
Head and Neck Cancers
Leukemia
Lung Cancers
Lymphomas
Myelomas
Pediatric Cancers
Penile Cancer
Prostate Cancer
Sarcomas
Skin Cancers
Testicular Cancer
Thyroid Cancer
Urinary Tract Cancers
OncoLink Vet
Cancer Treatment
Biologic Therapy
Bone Marrow Transplants
Chemotherapy
Clinical Trials
Complementary Medicine
Gene Therapy
General Treatment Concerns
Hormone Therapy
PDT Center
Proton Therapy
Radiation Oncology
Surgical Oncology
Targeted Therapies
Vaccine Therapies
Cancer Support
Caregivers
Hospice Care and Bereavement
Nutrition and Cancer
Sexuality & Fertility
Side Effects
Support
Survivorship
Exercise and Cancer
Cancer Resources
Cancer News
OncoLink University
Nurses' Notes
Conferences
Newly Diagnosed Patients
Causes and Prevention
Legal and Financial Information for Patients
LGBT Resources
NCI Resources
Global Resources
Cancer Resource List
Resources for Young Adults
OncoLink Media Library
OncoLink TV
Book, Music and Video Reviews
Ask the Experts
Brown Bag Chat
Tracy's Corner
About OncoLink
About OncoLink
Giving to OncoLink
Contact Information
Usage Policy
Editorial Board
How to Partner with OncoLink
Link to OncoLink
Mission Statement
