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Abramson Cancer CenterNCI CANCERLIT® Search: Screening and Prevention of Digestive Cancers - July 2002
National Cancer Institute®
Last Modified: July 1, 2002
- Diet and colorectal cancer: an investigation of the lectin/galactose hypothesis.
- [Barrett esophagus and inflammation of gastroesophageal junction]
- Tea chemicals confirmed as cancer-busting compounds.
- Novel approaches for colon cancer prevention by cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors.
- Cancer prevention and early detection.
- Effect of faecal occult blood screening on mortality from colorectal cancer: results from a randomised controlled trial.
- Fruits, vegetables, and adenomatous polyps: the Minnesota Cancer Prevention Research Unit case-control study.
- [Mass screening for gastric cancer performed in Costa Rica]
- Emerging options with coxib therapy.
- Updated guidelines call for higher colorectal cancer screening rates.
- Hepatitis B leading to hepatocellular carcinoma: calculating the risk.
- Folic acid lowers colon cancer risk.
- Prophylactic gastrectomy for CDH1 mutation carriers.
- Colorectal cancer prevention: prospects for the first decade of the 21st century.
- [Coloretal cardinoma--prevention, screening and endoscopic therapy]
- Screening for colorectal cancer: recommendation and rationale.
- Screening for colorectal cancer in adults at average risk: a summary of the evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.
- Cost-effectiveness analyses of colorectal cancer screening: a systematic review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.
- Summaries for patients. Screening for colorectal cancer: recommendations from the United States Preventive Services Task Force.
- The case for population-based screening for colorectal cancer.
- Colorectal cancer screening by primary care physicians in Texas: a rural-urban comparison.
- The nurse's role in bowel awareness.
- A prospective cohort study of soy product intake and stomach cancer death.
Table of Contents
1
UI - 12055585
AU - Evans RC; Fear S; Ashby D; Hackett A; Williams E; Van Der Vliet M;
TI -
Dunstan FD; Rhodes JM
Diet and colorectal cancer: an investigation of the lectin/galactose
hypothesis.
SO - Gastroenterology 2002 Jun;122(7):1784-92
AD - Department of Medicine, University of Liverpool, England.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Mucosal expression of terminal unsubstituted
galactose is increased in colon cancer and precancer and allows
interaction with mitogenic galactose-binding lectins of dietary or
microbial origin. This study tests the hypothesis that galactose, which
is variably plentiful in fruit and vegetable but not cereal fibers,
might prevent cancer by binding and inhibiting such lectins. METHODS:
Colorectal cancer cases (512) and controls (512) were matched for age,
sex, primary care practitioner, and postal code. A 160-item
food-frequency questionnaire was used to estimate their usual
pre-illness (6 months previous) diet, aspirin intake, and exercise.
RESULTS: Neither cereal fiber nor fruit and vegetable fiber were
protective when assessed by univariate analysis, whereas dietary fiber
galactose content showed a dose-related protective effect (odds ratio
[OR] highest quartile/lowest quartile, 0.67; confidence interval [CI],
0.47-0.95) that remained protective when adjusted for energy, red meat,
alcohol, calcium, protein and fat intake, regular aspirin usage, and
exercise. Intake of nonlegume green vegetables, assessed because of the
high lectin content of legumes, was also protective (OR, 0.54; CI,
0.35-0.81), but this was not independent of galactose. Protective
effects of exercise and regular daily aspirin consumption and harmful
effects of high energy consumption and high red meat intake were
confirmed. CONCLUSIONS: The protective effect of fruit and vegetable
fibers may be related to their galactose content. This provides further
evidence that the association between diet and colon cancer is mediated
via specific food components and may explain the discrepant results of
studies addressing the protective effects of fiber.
2
UI - 12001646
AU - Voutilainen M; Farkkila M; Sipponen P
TI -
[Barrett esophagus and inflammation of gastroesophageal junction]
SO - Duodecim 2000;116(17):1899-905
AD - Keski-Suomen keskussairaala, sisatautien poliklinikka 40620 Jyvaskyla.
3
UI - 12067792
AU - Morris K
TI -
Tea chemicals confirmed as cancer-busting compounds.
SO - Lancet Oncol 2002 May;3(5):262
4
UI - 12086402
AU - Reddy BS; Rao CV
TI -
Novel approaches for colon cancer prevention by cyclooxygenase-2
inhibitors.
SO - J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 2002;21(2):155-64
AD - Nutritional Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention Program, American Health
Foundation, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA. b_reddy@ahf.org
During recent years, multidisciplinary studies in epidemiology and
molecular biology, as well as preclinical studies, have contributed much
to our understanding of the etiology of colorectal cancer; more
importantly they have enabled us to approach its prevention. An
impressive body of epidemiological data suggests an inverse relationship
between colorectal cancer risk and regular use of nonsteroidal
antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including aspirin. Clinical trials with
NSAIDs have demonstrated that NSAID treatment caused regression of
preexisting colon adenomas in patients with familial adenomatous
polyposis. Preclinical efficacy studies have provided compelling
evidence that several phytochemicals with antiinflammatory properties
and NSAIDs act to retard, block, or reverse colon carcinogenesis.
Equally exciting are opportunities for effective chemoprevention with
selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors including celecoxib and
rofecoxib in a variety of preclinical models of colon cancer. Naturally
occurring COX-2 inhibitors such as curcumin and certain phytosterols
have been proven to be effective as chemopreventive agents against colon
carcinogenesis with minimal gastrointestinal toxicity. Multistep process
of carcinogenesis has provided substantial insights into the mechanisms
by which naturally occurring and synthetic antiinflammatory agents
modulate these events leading to suppression of tumorigenesis. Growing
knowledge in this area has brought about innovative approaches using a
combination of agents with different modes of action as a means of
increasing efficacy and minimizing toxicity. The natural history of
colorectal cancer, from dysplastic aberrant crypts to adenomas and
adenocarcinomas, offers multiple opportunities for assessment and
intervention. Of further importance would be to identify molecular
targets that are critical in the growth and survival of the malignant
colorectal cell and are modulated by NSAIDs and COX-2 inhibitors.
5
UI - 11899367
AU - Mahon SM
TI -
Cancer prevention and early detection.
SO - Clin J Oncol Nurs 2001 May-Jun;5(3):105-7
AD - mahonsm@slu.edu
Advances in the area of cancer prevention and early detection are being
made constantly. Basic epidemiologic research continues to provide
insight into the impact of carcinogen exposure and the development of
cancer. It is exciting to note that the study of Tamoxifen and
Raloxifene chemoprevention trial is successfully recruiting women,
including minority women, to participate. This large chemoprevention
trial is providing much insight into how to recruit and retain women to
take a chemoprevention agent to ultimately prevent the development of
cancer. Advances also are being made in the knowledge base of how to
best detect cancer in asymptomatic people. The best screening tool
recommendation for the early detection of colorectal cancer remains
controversial. Screening for colorectal cancer, however, is the only way
to ultimately decrease the morbidity and mortality associated with the
disease. Oncology nurses need to accurately risk for colorectal cancer
and provide patients with the necessary information to make an informed
choice about the most appropriate screening for their situation.
Oncology nurses need to be familiar with new research and advances in
cancer prevention and early detection so they can share information with
patients and their families.
6
UI - 12010887
AU - Scholefield JH; Moss S; Sufi F; Mangham CM; Hardcastle JD
TI -
Effect of faecal occult blood screening on mortality from colorectal
cancer: results from a randomised controlled trial.
SO - Gut 2002 Jun;50(6):840-4
AD - Division of GI Surgery, University Hospital, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
john.scholefield@nottingham.ac.uk
BACKGROUND: Three large randomised trials have shown that screening for
colorectal cancer using faecal occult blood (FOB) tests can reduce the
mortality from this disease. Two national pilot studies have recently
been launched in the UK to investigate the feasibility of population
screening for colorectal cancer in the National Health Service. The
largest of the randomised trials was conducted in Nottingham and
randomised 152 850 individuals between the ages of 45 and 74 years to
receive biennial Haemoccult (FOB) test kit (intervention group) or to a
control group. AIMS: We have compared the mortality in the intervention
group compared with the control group. METHODS: The 152 850 randomised
individuals were followed up through local health records and central
flagging (Office for National Statistics) over a median follow up period
of 11 years. RESULTS: At a median follow up of 11 years there was a 13%
reduction in colorectal cancer mortality (95% confidence interval 3-22%)
in the intervention group despite an uptake at first invitation of only
approximately 50%. The mortality reduction for those accepting screening
was 27%. The reduction in mortality was independent of sex and site of
tumour. There was no significant difference in mortality from causes
other than colorectal cancer between the intervention and control
groups. CONCLUSIONS: Although the reduction in colorectal cancer
mortality was sustained, further follow up of this population is
required to determine whether a significant reduction in the incidence
of colorectal cancer will be achieved.
7
UI - 12048224
AU - Smith-Warner SA; Elmer PJ; Fosdick L; Randall B; Bostick RM; Grandits G;
TI -
Grambsch P; Louis TA; Wood JR; Potter JD
Fruits, vegetables, and adenomatous polyps: the Minnesota Cancer
Prevention Research Unit case-control study.
SO - Am J Epidemiol 2002 Jun 15;155(12):1104-13
AD - Division of Epidemiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Although high vegetable intakes have been associated with a lower risk
of colorectal cancer, this relation is less well established for the
precursor lesions, adenomatous polyps. With a case-control design
involving adenomatous polyp cases (n = 564), colonoscopy-negative
controls who were polyp free at colonoscopy (n = 682), and community
controls (n = 535), this 1991-1994 Minnesota Cancer Prevention Research
Unit study investigated the relation between fruit and vegetable
consumption and first incident adenomatous polyps. Dietary intake was
assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. For women, adenoma risk
was approximately halved in the highest versus lowest quintile of juice
consumption (cases vs. colonoscopy-negative controls: odds ratio (OR) =
0.50, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.27, 0.92; cases vs. community
controls: OR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.30, 1.06). The association was stronger
for adenomas with moderate or severe dysplasia compared with mild
dysplasia. Juice was not associated with adenoma risk in men. The
results for fruits, vegetables, total fruits and vegetables, green leafy
vegetables, and several botanically and phytochemically defined
subgroups generally were not statistically significant. Because elevated
vegetable consumption has been associated with a lower risk of
colorectal cancer, vegetables may have a stronger role in preventing the
progression of adenomas to carcinomas rather than in preventing the
initial appearance of adenomas.
8
UI - 12099002
AU - Sasagawa Y; Sasagawa T; Takasaki K
TI -
[Mass screening for gastric cancer performed in Costa Rica]
SO - Nippon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 2002 Jun;99(6):577-83
AD - Tokyo Women's Medical University, Institute of Gastroenterology,
Department of Surgery.
We performed mass screening for gastric cancer by means of X-ray in
Costa Rica from 1996 through 1999. Screening was performed on 10,064
subjects and 69 gastric cancers were detected (screening group). During
the same period 172 gastric cancer patients were referred to us
(non-screening group). Results of screening in Japan (Japanese group)
were quoted from the annual report of the Japanese Society of
Gastroenterological Mass Survey. This study is a comparison of these 3
groups. The detection rate was 0.68% in the screening group, 0.11% in
the Japanese group. The operability was 92.7%, 76.1%, 97.0%, the
resectability 96.8%, 83.2%, 98.6%, the rate of early gastric cancer
64.5%, 30.3%, 65.9%, and the rate of curability A 79.0%, 38.5%. 82.6% in
the screening group, non-screening group and Japanese group
respectively. The results in the screening group were exactly equal to
those in the Japanese group. These results show that the same results
can be obtained in Costa Rica as in Japan, if screening is performed
with the same diagnostic level and skill as in Japan.
9
UI - 12086298
AU - Lema MJ
TI -
Emerging options with coxib therapy.
SO - Cleve Clin J Med 2002;69 Suppl 1():SI76-84
AD - Department of Anesthesiology, State University of New York at Buffalo
School of Medicine, USA. mlema@acsu.buffalo.edu
Future clinical applications of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2-selective
inhibitors (coxibs) are likely to extend beyond their current use as
oral analgesics in high-risk arthritis patients. The clinical utility of
coxibs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is under
investigation. Epidemiological surveys, preclinical studies, and
preliminary clinical trials with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
(NSAIDs) have suggested that inflammatory mechanisms play a role in the
neurodegeneration of AD. Clinical trials are currently being conducted
to determine the effect of coxibs on the rate of AD progression. The use
of coxibs as chemopreventive agents in colorectal cancer (CRC) is also
under investigation. The chemopreventive benefits of coxibs to promote
cell death (apoptosis) and inhibit angiogenesis in CRC have been shown
in tumor cell lines and in animal and human models. In addition,
palliative care clinicians and oncologists are increasingly including
coxibs in their management of cancer pain. Coxibs are utilized for their
opioid-sparing effect in the management of cancer pain, without
impairing wound healing, or promoting bleeding diathesis (antiplatelet
effects) or adverse gastrointestinal effects in patients receiving
chemotherapy or radiation treatment.
10
UI - 12075629
AU - Rollins G
TI -
Updated guidelines call for higher colorectal cancer screening rates.
SO - Rep Med Guidel Outcomes Res 2001 Apr 5;12(7):5-7
11
UI - 11817790
AU - Puliyel JM; Taneja V; Jindal K; Thomas N
TI -
Hepatitis B leading to hepatocellular carcinoma: calculating the risk.
SO - Indian J Gastroenterol 2001 Nov-Dec;20(6):251-2
12
UI - 12132408
AU - Anonymous
TI -
Folic acid lowers colon cancer risk.
SO - Health News 2002 May;8(5):5
13
UI - 11998610
AU - Giarelli E
TI -
Prophylactic gastrectomy for CDH1 mutation carriers.
SO - Clin J Oncol Nurs 2002 May-Jun;6(3):161-2
AD - IMLNG@aol.com
Gastric cancer is difficult to diagnose at an early stage. Signs and
symptoms of the disease often only occur when advanced or metastatic
disease is present. A very small number of gastric cancers are
hereditary. The mutation to the E-cadherin gene has high penetrance and
confers a lifetime risk of gastric cancer of 80% for carriers. Because
of the high penetrance of the mutation and the difficulty of diagnosing
gastric cancer at an early stage, carriers of the mutation may be
candidates for prophylactic gastrectomy. Although limited data are
available about the complications and outcomes associated with
prophylactic gastrectomy, nurses should be knowledgeable about
prophylactic surgery for hereditary cancers and prepared to answer
patients' questions about their prevention.
14
UI - 12052014
AU - Holt PR
TI -
Colorectal cancer prevention: prospects for the first decade of the 21st
century.
SO - Prev Med 2002 Jun;34(6):563-6
15
UI - 12068739
AU - Pox C; Schmiegel W
TI -
[Coloretal cardinoma--prevention, screening and endoscopic therapy]
SO - Z Arztl Fortbild Qualitatssich 2002 May;96(4):227-31
AD - Ruhr-Universitat Bochum, Medizinische Universitatsklinik,
Knappschaftskrankenhaus.
Colorectal cancer (CR) is the second leading cause of cancer-related
deaths in Germany. Screening strategies have been shown to be effective
in reducing CRC mortality. One priority has to be identifying persons at
increased risk of developing CRC. Family history is one important
factor. Persons at risk of developing hereditary forms of CRC have to be
included in specially-adapted surveillance schemes. To increase the
efficacy of the surveillance programs the co-operation of the population
at large must be improved. As 90 percent of colorectal carcinomas arise
from adenomas, a consistent and rigorous polypectomy will lead to a
reduction in CRC incidence. Persons with adenomas have an increased risk
of recurrence after polypectomy and should hence be followed up. If the
removed polyp contains a carcinoma further measures depend on its
histo-pathological staging.
16
UI - 12118971
AU - U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
TI -
Screening for colorectal cancer: recommendation and rationale.
SO - Ann Intern Med 2002 Jul 16;137(2):129-31
This statement summarizes the current U.S. Preventive Services Task
Force (USPSTF) recommendation on screening for colorectal cancer and the
supporting scientific evidence and updates the 1995 recommendations
contained in the Guide to Clinical Preventive Services, 2nd edition. At
that time, the USPSTF recommended screening for colorectal cancer with
annual fecal occult blood testing, periodic sigmoidoscopy, or the
combination of fecal occult blood testing and sigmoidoscopy but
concluded that the evidence was insufficient to recommend for or against
colonoscopy or barium enema. The complete USPSTF recommendation and
rationale statement on this topic, which includes a brief review of the
supporting evidence, is available through the USPSTF Web site
(http://www.preventiveservices.ahrq.gov), the National Guideline
Clearinghouse (http://www.guideline.gov), and in print through the
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Publications Clearinghouse
(telephone, 800-358-9295; e-mail, ahrqpubs@ahrq.gov). The complete
information on which this statement is based, including tables and
references, is available in the accompanying article in this issue and
in the summary of the evidence and systematic evidence review on the Web
sites already mentioned.
17
UI - 12118972
AU - Pignone M; Rich M; Teutsch SM; Berg AO; Lohr KN
TI -
Screening for colorectal cancer in adults at average risk: a summary of
the evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.
SO - Ann Intern Med 2002 Jul 16;137(2):132-41
AD - University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Medicine and
Cecil Sheps Center for Health Services Research, 5039 Old Clinic
Building, CB #7110, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
PURPOSE: To assess the effectiveness of different colorectal cancer
screening tests for adults at average risk. DATA SOURCES: Recent
systematic reviews; Guide to Clinical Preventive Services, 2nd edition;
authors also conducted hand searches, reviewed bibliographies, and
consulted context experts to ensure completeness. STUDY SELECTION: When
available, the most recent high-quality systematic review was used to
identify relevant articles. This review was then supplemented with a
MEDLINE search for more recent articles. DATA EXTRACTION: One reviewer
abstracted information from the final set of studies into evidence
tables, and a second reviewer checked the tables for accuracy.
Discrepancies were resolved by consensus. DATA SYNTHESIS: For
average-risk adults older than 50 years of age, evidence from multiple
well-conducted randomized trials supported the effectiveness of fecal
occult blood testing in reducing colorectal cancer incidence and
mortality rates compared with no screening. Data from well-conducted
case-control studies supported the effectiveness of sigmoidoscopy and
possibly colonoscopy in reducing colon cancer incidence and mortality
rates. A nonrandomized, controlled trial examining colorectal cancer
mortality rates and randomized trials examining diagnostic yield
supported the use of fecal occult blood testing plus sigmoidoscopy. The
effectiveness of barium enema is unclear. Data are insufficient to
support a definitive determination of the most effective screening
strategy. CONCLUSIONS: Colorectal cancer screening reduces death from
colorectal cancer and can decrease the incidence of disease through
removal of adenomatous polyps. Several available screening options seem
to be effective, but the single best screening approach cannot be
determined because data are insufficient.
18
UI - 12118964
AU - Pignone M; Saha S; Hoerger T; Mandelblatt J
TI -
Cost-effectiveness analyses of colorectal cancer screening: a systematic
review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.
SO - Ann Intern Med 2002 Jul 16;137(2):96-104
AD - Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine,
University of North Carolina, 5039 Old Clinic Building 226, CB 7110,
Chapel Hill, NC 27599.
PURPOSE: To perform a systematic review of the cost-effectiveness of
colorectal cancer screening for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.
DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE and the British National Health Service Economic
SELECTION: Original economic evaluations of colorectal cancer screening
in average-risk patients were reviewed. The authors sought studies
addressing the incremental cost-effectiveness of different screening
strategies compared with no screening, of different screening strategies
compared with one another, and of different ages of screening initiation
and cessation. Two investigators independently reviewed each abstract,
and potentially eligible articles were retrieved. A four-member working
group reached consensus regarding final inclusion or exclusion of
articles. DATA EXTRACTION: One reviewer extracted data into evidence
tables. The results were checked by other members and discrepancies
resolved by consensus. DATA SYNTHESIS: Among 180 potential articles
identified, 7 were retained in the final analysis. Compared with no
screening, cost-effectiveness ratios for screening with any of the
commonly considered methods were generally between 10, 000 dollars and
25, 000 dollars per life-year saved. No one strategy was consistently
found to be the most effective or to have the best incremental
cost-effectiveness ratio. Currently available models provided
insufficient evidence to determine optimal starting and stopping ages
for screening. CONCLUSIONS: Screening for colorectal cancer appears
cost-effective compared with no screening, but a single optimal strategy
cannot be determined from the currently available data. Additional data
regarding adherence with screening over time, complication rates in
real-world settings, and colorectal cancer biology are needed.
Additional analyses are necessary to determine optimal ages of
initiation and cessation.
19
UI - 12118986
AU - Anonymous
TI -
Summaries for patients. Screening for colorectal cancer: recommendations
from the United States Preventive Services Task Force.
SO - Ann Intern Med 2002 Jul 16;137(2):I38
20
UI - 11902587
AU - Schoen RE
TI -
The case for population-based screening for colorectal cancer.
SO - Nat Rev Cancer 2002 Jan;2(1):65-70
AD - Division of Gastroenterology, Pennsylvania University Hospital,
Pittsburgh 15213-2582, USA. schoen@msx.dept-med.pitt.edu
Screening for colorectal cancer is commanding increasing attention.
Other cancer screening programmes have been a part of public
consciousness for some time, but, until recently, colorectal cancer
screening has remained in the background. Fuelled by new research,
market opportunities and increased recognition of individual risk,
screening for colorectal cancer is becoming a recommended procedure, but
controversy about how best to implement widespread screening remains.
21
UI - 11848667
AU - Hawley ST; Foxhall L; Vernon SW; Levin B; Young JE
TI -
Colorectal cancer screening by primary care physicians in Texas: a
rural-urban comparison.
SO - J Cancer Educ 2001 Winter;16(4):199-204
AD - Department of Family and Community Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine,
Houston, Texas, USA. stropman@bcm.tmc.edu
BACKGROUND: Little is known about colorectal cancer (CRC) screening
practices of primary care physicians (PCPs) in rural versus urban
locations. METHODS: The authors surveyed 3,380 PCP members of the Texas
Medical Association (TMA), stratified by specialty and rural/urban
status. Factors associated with PCPs' self-reported practices of CRC
screening by fecal occult blood test (FOBT) and/or flexible
sigmoidoscopy (SIG) were examined using chi-square tests and
multivariate regression. RESULTS: Over 80% of both rural and urban PCPs
reported CRC screening with the FOBT, while 70% reported screening with
SIG. Many reported doing FOBTs in the office versus using the take-home
kit. Variations were found in recommended ages and screening intervals
among all respondents. CONCLUSIONS: Geographic location was less
important than knowledge and attitudes in predicting PCPs' CRC screening
practices. More specific education regarding CRC screening guidelines
needs to be directed towards all PCPs.
22
UI - 11974730
AU - Swan E
TI -
The nurse's role in bowel awareness.
SO - Nurs Times 2002 Apr 2-8;98(14):42-3
AD - Walsall Manor Hospital, West Midlands.
Promoting good health and preventing ill health are part of the nurse's
role, and using a model for health promotion in the colorectal nursing
service is an effective way to improve patient care. This article
considers referral guidelines for patients with suspected colorectal
cancer and suggests methods of raising public awareness.
23
UI - 12085252
AU - Nagata C; Takatsuka N; Kawakami N; Shimizu H
TI -
A prospective cohort study of soy product intake and stomach cancer
death.
SO - Br J Cancer 2002 Jul 1;87(1):31-6
AD - Department of Public Health, Gifu University School of Medicine, 40
Tsukasa-machi, Gifu 500-8705, Japan. chisato@cc.gifu-u.ac.jp
The relationship between intake of soy products and death from stomach
cancer was examined in a community-based prospective study of Japanese
men and women in Takayama, Japan. Over 7 years of follow-up, 121 deaths
from stomach cancer (81 men and 40 women) occurred among 30,304 (13,880
men and 16,424 women) participants who were at least 35 years of age.
Diet including the intake of soy products and isoflavones was assessed
by a validated semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire at the
beginning of the study. In men, the highest compared to the lowest
tertile of total soy product intake was significantly inversely
associated with death from stomach cancer after controlling for
covariates (hazard ratios=0.50; 95% confidence intervals (CIs)
0.26-0.93, P for trend=0.03). Decreased hazard ratios for the highest
compared to the lowest tertiles of total soy product intake (hazard
ratios=0.49; 95% CI 0.22-1.13) was observed in women, although this
association was of marginal significance. These data suggest that soy
intake may reduce the risk of death from stomach cancer. Copyright 2002
Cancer Research UK
The above citations and abstracts reflect those newly added to CANCERLIT for the month and topic listed in the title. The citations have been retrieved from CANCERLIT using a predefined search strategy of indexed subject terms. Although the search strategy has been refined as best as possible, citations may appear that are not directly related to the topic, and occasionally relevant references may be omitted.
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