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Abramson Cancer CenterNCI CANCERLIT® Search: Diagnosis-Histopathology-Pathogenesis of Gastric Cancer - July 2002
National Cancer Institute®
Last Modified: July 1, 2002
- [Helicobacter pylori and gastric carcinogenesis]
- Esophageal intramural metastasis from adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction.
- The culture of lactobacilli species in gastric carcinoma.
- Syntenin is overexpressed and promotes cell migration in metastatic human breast and gastric cancer cell lines.
- Restoration of E-cadherin-based cell-cell adhesion by overexpression of nectin in HSC-39 cells, a human signet ring cell gastric cancer cell
- Neuroendocrine differentiation in gastric adenocarcinomas associated with severe hypergastrinemia and/or pernicious anemia.
- [Malign complication of gastroesophageal reflux: adenocarcinoma of esophagus and gastric cardia]
- Oxidant-sensitive transcription factor and cyclooxygenase-2 by Helicobacter pylori stimulation in human gastric cancer cells.
- A clinicopathological study of 152 surgically treated primary gastric lymphomas with survival analysis of 109 high grade tumours.
- Lymph node micrometastasis and lymphatic mapping determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in pN0 gastric carcinoma.
- Effect of Helicobacter pylori-induced cyclooxygenase-2 on gastric epithelial cell kinetics: implication for gastric carcinogenesis.
- Expression of chemokine receptor CCR7 is associated with lymph node metastasis of gastric carcinoma.
- Loss of heterozygosity at 18q21 region in gastric cancer involves a number of cancer-related genes and correlates with stage and histology,
- Epstein-Barr virus, p53 protein, and microsatellite instability in the adenoma-carcinoma sequence of the stomach.
- The relationship between gastric cancer cells circulating in the blood and microsatellite instability positive gastric carcinomas.
- Screening of gene expression profiles in gastric epithelial cells induced by Helicobacter pylori using microarray analysis.
- [Changes on positive rate and distribution of Helicobacter pylori during progression of gastric cancer]
- [Molecular diagnosis of gastric cancer]
- [Helicobacter pylori]
- Recurrence patterns after radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer: prognostic factors and implications for postoperative adjuvant therapy.
- [Stomach tumors]
- Novel expressed sequences obtained by means of a suppression subtractive hybridisation analysis from the 6q21 region that is frequently deleted
- Resectable gastric cancer: operative mortality and survival analysis.
- Gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma: spectrum of findings at double-contrast gastrointestinal examination with pathologic
- Evaluation of intraoperative intraperitoneal cytology for advanced gastric carcinoma.
- beta-Catenin mutation is a frequent cause of Wnt pathway activation in gastric cancer.
- Mucin phenotype and microsatellite instability in early multiple gastric cancers.
- Effects of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2A6 gene deletion and CYP2E1 genotypes on gastric adenocarcinoma.
- Systematic review of endoscopic ultrasound in gastro-oesophageal cancer.
- [Diagnostic significance of ferritin assay in peritoneal fluid and gastric juice]
- [Effect of compound Chinese drug bailong on the expression of tumor suppressor genes and relationship with prekallikrein activator signal
- Prophylactic gastrectomy for CDH1 mutation carriers.
- Carcinoma of stomach and duodenum: radiologic diagnosis and staging.
- Gastric cancer: diagnosis, risk factors, treatment and life issues.
- [Intraoperative Lymphatic Mapping by Dye and/or Radioactive Tracer in Early Gastric Cancer]
- Genome-wide screening of laser capture microdissected gastric signet-ring cell carcinomas.
- Frameshift mutations at coding mononucleotide repeats of the hRAD50 gene in gastrointestinal carcinomas with microsatellite instability.
- Application of multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization in the cytogenetic analysis of primary gastric carcinoma.
- Spectrum of genetic changes in gastro-esophageal cancer cell lines determined by an integrated molecular cytogenetic approach.
- Expression of cell-cycle related proteins in Helicobacter pylori gastritis and association with gastric carcinoma.
- Inactivation of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase by promoter CpG island hypermethylation in gastric cancers.
- [Stomach cancer]
- [Current epidemiology of carcinoma of the esophagus and cardia in Germany]
- Frequent frameshift mutations of RIZ in sporadic gastrointestinal and endometrial carcinomas with microsatellite instability.
- RIZ, the retinoblastoma protein interacting zinc finger gene, is mutated in genetically unstable cancers of the pancreas, stomach, and
- EBV-expressing AGS gastric carcinoma cell sublines present increased motility and invasiveness.
- A case-control study of stomach cancer in Mumbai, India.
- Reduced expression of the insulin-induced protein 1 and p41 Arp2/3 complex genes in human gastric cancers.
- Gastric stump mucosa: is there a risk for carcinoma?
- Detection of Helicobacter pylori in gastric cancer.
- Occurrence and prognostic implications of micrometastases in lymph nodes from patients with submucosal gastric carcinoma.
- The superiority of ratio-based lymph node staging in gastric carcinoma.
- Adverse effects of perioperative transfusion on patients with stage III and IV gastric cancer.
- Rhubarb use in patients treated with Kampo medicines--a risk for gastric cancer?
- Association of prediagnosis endoscopy with stage and survival in adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and gastric cardia.
- Genetic susceptibility and gastric cancer risk.
- p53 Codon 72 polymorphism in gastric cancer susceptibility in patients with Helicobacter pylori-associated chronic gastritis.
- Histological patterns of gastritis in H. pylori-infected individuals with a family history of gastric cancer.
- A prospective cohort study of soy product intake and stomach cancer death.
- Dietary factors and stomach cancer mortality.
- Increased expression of survivin in gastric cancer patients and in first degree relatives.
- How many nodes must be examined to accurately stage gastric carcinomas? Results from a population based study.
- Prognostic relevance of immunohistochemically detected lymph node micrometastasis in patients with gastric carcinoma.
- DNA methylation and histone deacetylation associated with silencing DAP kinase gene expression in colorectal and gastric cancers.
- Serological identification and expression analysis of gastric cancer-associated genes.
Table of Contents
1
UI - 11695299
AU - Testino G; Testino R; Ancarani AO
TI -
[Helicobacter pylori and gastric carcinogenesis]
SO - Recenti Prog Med 2001 Oct;92(10):573-7
AD - Unita Operativa di Gastroenterologia, Azienda Ospedale San Martino,
Genova.
Gastric carcinogenesis is a multistep and multifactorial process
beginning with chronic gastritis Helicobacter pylori (Hp) induced in
most cases. There are some obstacles to an exclusive acceptance of the
idea that the relation of Hp with the preneoplastic/neoplastic changes
solely develops by means of the chronic gastritis with its atrophic
evolution and achlorydria. Hp may be considered a trigger by means of
alteration of cellular synetics without any direct influence on genetic
alterations. Under the push of an intense proliferation, the expression
of typical antigens of the organ is progressively lost, with acquisition
of antigens from other organs. Cellular dedifferentiation displayed,
with the progressive increase of immature elements that progress to the
more or less total disappearance of differentiated gastric cells or
differentiating ones, with the formation of metaplastic/dysplastic
clones or even neoplastic ones. The bacteria, together with other
environmental factors and individual genetic susceptibility, determine
the final risk for the development of gastric cancer. Considering that
1-2% of the Hp positive subjects are estimated to develop gastric cancer
and that Hp is considered the cause of 75% of gastric cancer, the
eradication of the infection, not only in the initial phases but even in
those with preneoplastic changes, involves an advantage for the
prevention of gastric cancer. For the prevention among the general
population testing Hp-positive subjects for serum antibodies against
CagA protein might represent an effective way of identifying patients in
whom Hp eradication is advisable also in term of gastric cancer
prevention.
2
UI - 11972277
AU - Szanto I; Voros A; Nagy P; Gonda G; Gamal EM; Altorjay A; Banai J; Kiss
TI -
J
Esophageal intramural metastasis from adenocarcinoma of the
gastroesophageal junction.
SO - Endoscopy 2002 May;34(5):418-20
AD - Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis
University, Budapest, Hungary. szantoimre@freemail.hu
Among a total of 143 patients examined for diagnosis of adenocarcinoma
of the cardia, intramural esophageal metastases were verified in six
patients (4.19 %). In each case the diagnosis was confirmed by
histological examination. The histological structure of the primary
tumors and metastases was the same. Metastases were detected by
endoscopic ultrasound examination in three cases. All the cardia tumors
proved to be well advanced. As well as endoscopic identification of the
primary tumor, thorough examination of the proximal part of the
esophagus is of great importance.
3
UI - 12037037
AU - Roberts PJ; Dickinson RJ; Whitehead A; Laughton CR; Foweraker JE
TI -
The culture of lactobacilli species in gastric carcinoma.
SO - J Clin Pathol 2002 Jun;55(6):477
4
UI - 12037664
AU - Koo TH; Lee JJ; Kim EM; Kim KW; Kim HD; Lee JH
TI -
Syntenin is overexpressed and promotes cell migration in metastatic
human breast and gastric cancer cell lines.
SO - Oncogene 2002 Jun 13;21(26):4080-8
AD - Anti-Cancer Research Laboratory, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience
and Biotechnology, P.O. Box 115, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-600, Korea.
Two human breast cancer cell lines of differing invasive and metastatic
potential, MDA-MB-435 and MCF7, were examined using subtractive
suppression hybridization in a search for any genes associated with
metastasis. Of the 17 cDNAs identified as being differentially expressed
genes, it was determined that syntenin was overexpressed in metastatic
MDA-MB-435 cells. Expression analysis showed that the expression level
of syntenin was well correlated with invasive and metastatic potential
in various human breast and gastric cancer cell lines. Moreover, gastric
tumor tissues exhibited a much higher syntenin mRNA expression than
their normal counterparts. Syntenin-transfected MCF7 cells migrated more
actively, and showed an increased invasion rate relative to
vector-transfectants or parental MCF7 in vitro, without evidencing any
effect on the adhesion to fibronectin, type I collagen and laminin.
Similarly, the forced expression of syntenin to human gastric cancer
cell line Az521 increased its migratory and invasive potential in vitro.
Syntenin-expressing MCF7 cells were associated with the appearance of
numerous cell surface extensions and with pseudopodia formation on
collagen I, suggesting that syntenin may be involved in the signaling
cascade to actin-reorganization. Mutation study suggested that PDZ2
domain of syntenin could be an essential role in its stimulatory effect
on the cell migration. This is the first demonstration that syntenin, a
PDZ motif-containing protein, can be overexpressed during the metastatic
progression of human breast and gastric cancer cells and that it can
function as a metastasis-inducing gene.
5
UI - 12037667
AU - Peng YF; Mandai K; Nakanishi H; Ikeda W; Asada M; Momose Y; Shibamoto S;
TI -
Yanagihara K; Shiozaki H; Monden M; Takeichi M; Takai Y
Restoration of E-cadherin-based cell-cell adhesion by overexpression of
nectin in HSC-39 cells, a human signet ring cell gastric cancer cell
line.
SO - Oncogene 2002 Jun 13;21(26):4108-19
AD - Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Osaka University
Graduate School of Medicine/Faculty of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan.
Nectin is an immunoglobulin-like adhesion molecule that comprises a
family consisting of four members, nectin-1, -2, -3, and -4. Nectin is
associated with the actin cytoskeleton through afadin, a nectin- and
actin filament-binding protein. The nectin-afadin and cadherin-catenin
systems are associated with each other and cooperatively form cell-cell
adherens junctions in intact epithelial cells. HSC-39 cells, a human
signet ring cell gastric cancer cell line, express E-cadherin but do not
form cell-cell adhesion. The beta-catenin gene has been shown to be
truncated at the N-terminal region including the alpha-catenin-binding
domain in HSC-39 cells, but overexpression of normal beta-catenin failed
to form cell-cell adhesion. HSC-39 cells expressed nectin-1, -2, and
afadin, but not nectin-3. Overexpression of nectin-3 or -2 formed
cell-cell adhesion and accumulation of E-cadherin, but not actin
filaments, at the cell-cell adhesion sites. Overexpression of a
truncated form of nectin-2 incapable of interacting with afadin failed
to form cell-cell adhesion. However, the nectin-formed cell-cell
adhesion was not so strong as that observed in epithelial cells, such as
CaCo-2 cells. Co-expression of nectin-2 and normal beta-catenin did not
form strong cell-cell adhesion. These results suggest that an
unidentified mechanism, by which nectin and E-cadherin form the actin
cytoskeleton-associated adherens junctions to form strong cell-cell
adhesion, is impaired in HSC-39 cells.
6
UI - 12064868
AU - Qvigstad G; Qvigstad T; Westre B; Sandvik AK; Brenna E; Waldum HL
TI -
Neuroendocrine differentiation in gastric adenocarcinomas associated
with severe hypergastrinemia and/or pernicious anemia.
SO - APMIS 2002 Feb;110(2):132-9
AD - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine,
Department of Intra-abdominal Diseases, Trondheim.
Patients with hypergastrinemia secondary to achlorhydria have an
increased risk of developing ECL cell carcinoids and gastric
adenocarcinomas. Hypergastrinemia is central in the pathogenesis of ECL
cell carcinoids, but the link between gastrin and gastric carcinomas is
controversial. During neoplastic transformation ECL cells may, however,
lose many of their neuroendocrine characteristics, making them difficult
to recognise as neuroendocrine with conventional immunohistochemical
techniques. Neuroendocrine differentiation was therefore examined in
eight gastric adenocarcinomas found in seven patients with severe
hypergastrinemia and/or pernicious anemia using a monoclonal antibody
towards chromogranin A and immunohistochemistry without and with a
sensitive signal amplification technique. The Sevier-Munger method was
used as a more specific marker of ECL cells. Seven of the carcinomas
contained scattered neuroendocrine tumour cells. When using signal
amplification, an increase in the number of immunoreactive neoplastic
cells was seen. In many tumours, clusters or confluent sheets of such
cells were disclosed, suggesting a neuroendocrine and ECL cell origin.
These tumours may therefore be ECL cell carcinomas and hypergastrinemia
may thus be involved in the tumourigenesis.
7
UI - 12001647
AU - Sihvo E; Salo J
TI -
[Malign complication of gastroesophageal reflux: adenocarcinoma of
esophagus and gastric cardia]
SO - Duodecim 2000;116(17):1907-11
AD - HUS:n kirurgian klinikka Haartmaninkatu 4, 00029 HUS.
8
UI - 12086398
AU - Kim H; Lim JW; Seo JY; Kim KH
TI -
Oxidant-sensitive transcription factor and cyclooxygenase-2 by
Helicobacter pylori stimulation in human gastric cancer cells.
SO - J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 2002;21(2):121-9
AD - Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei
University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. kim626@yumc.yonsei.ac.kr
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection might activate nuclear
factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), an oxidant-sensitive transcription regulator
of inducible expression of inflammatory genes such as cyclooxygenase-2
(COX-2). We studied the role of NF-kappaB on expression of COX-2 in H.
pylori-stimulated gastric cancer cell lines by using antioxidants,
glutathione (GSH), and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as well as an NF-kappaB
inhibitor, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC). Gastric adenocarcinoma
cell lines derived from Caucasian (AGS) cells and Korean (SNU-484) cells
were used to study the role of NF-kappaB on COX-2 expression by H.
pylori. They were treated with GSH, NAC, or PDTC in the presence of H.
pylori. mRNA expression and protein level for COX-2 were determined by
Northern blot and RT-PCR analysis as well as Western blot analysis.
NF-kappaB activation was examined by electrophoretic mobility shift
assay. As a result, H. pylori induced a time-dependent expression of
mRNA and protein for COX-2 via activation of NF-kappaB, which was
inhibited by GSH, NAC, and PDTC in the cells. In conclusion,
oxidant-sensitive transcription factor NF-kappaB may play a novel role
in expression of COX-2 by H. pylori stimulation in gastric cancer cells.
9
UI - 11986338
AU - Ranaldi R; Goteri G; Baccarini MG; Mannello B; Bearzi I
TI -
A clinicopathological study of 152 surgically treated primary gastric
lymphomas with survival analysis of 109 high grade tumours.
SO - J Clin Pathol 2002 May;55(5):346-51
AD - Department of Pathology, University of Ancona School of Medicine, 60020
Torrette di Ancona, Italy.
AIMS: To describe the clinicopathological features of a large number of
surgically treated and followed up primary gastric lymphomas and thereby
gain a better understanding of their biology, with particular reference
to the prognostic factors of high grade tumours. METHODS: A
retrospective study of 152 patients. RESULTS: High grade gastric
lymphomas, both pure and with a residual low grade component, differed
from low grade mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)-type lymphomas
in that they were more frequently large, ulcerated, at an advanced
stage, and highly proliferating. In addition, patients were older and
had a worse outcome. The prognosis of high grade lymphomas was
influenced by patient age, tumour stage, depth of infiltration in the
gastric wall, and the invasion of adjacent organs. Adjuvant postsurgical
treatment prolonged survival only in patients with advanced stage and
deep neoplastic infiltration. CONCLUSIONS: There is a sharp distinction
between low grade MALT-type lymphomas and tumours with a high grade
component, justifying their different treatment approach. The
postsurgical management of high grade lymphomas should be based on the
accurate evaluation of the neoplastic extension.
10
UI - 12075175
AU - Matsumoto M; Natsugoe S; Ishigami S; Nakashima S; Nakajo A; Miyazono F;
TI -
Hokita S; Takao S; Eizuru Y; Aikou T
Lymph node micrometastasis and lymphatic mapping determined by reverse
transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in pN0 gastric carcinoma.
SO - Surgery 2002 Jun;131(6):630-5
AD - First Department of Surgery, Kagoshima University School of Medicine,
Japan.
BACKGROUND: The purposes of this study were to examine lymph node
micrometastasis (LMM) by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction
(RT-PCR) method, and clarify the initial nodes involved by metastatic
disease according to tumor location. METHODS: We examined 312 lymph
nodes obtained from 50 patients with node-negative gastric carcinoma.
RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were performed. The clinical
characteristics of LMM were investigated, and the map of LMM was made
according to tumor location. RESULTS: The number of patients and LMM
detected by RT-PCR was 14 and 17 and by immunohistochemistry was 7 and
8, respectively. RT-PCR was a more sensitive method than
immunohistochemistry. LMM by RT-PCR correlated with depth of tumor
invasion and lymphatic invasion. Regarding pT1 tumor, 9 patients with
LMM had tumors that were of the macroscopically depressed type and 2 cm
or more in diameter. According to the lymphatic map, right pericardial
lymph nodes and lymph nodes along the lesser curvature were the initial
nodes involved in the upper third of the stomach. Right pericardial
lymph nodes, lymph nodes along the lesser curvature, and infrapyloric
nodes were more important initial metastatic sites in the middle third
of the stomach, and lymph nodes along the lesser curvature and
infrapyloric nodes in the lower third. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated the
relationship between LMM and clinicopathologic factors, especially in
pT1 tumor. The mapping of LMM may prove useful for selecting the optimal
treatment.
11
UI - 11966873
AU - Wambura C; Aoyama N; Shirasaka D; Sakai T; Ikemura T; Sakashita M;
TI -
Maekawa S; Kuroda K; Inoue T; Ebara S; Miyamoto M; Kasuga M
Effect of Helicobacter pylori-induced cyclooxygenase-2 on gastric
epithelial cell kinetics: implication for gastric carcinogenesis.
SO - Helicobacter 2002 Apr;7(2):129-38
AD - Second department of Internal medicine and Department of Endoscopy, Kobe
University School of Medicine, Japan.
BACKGROUND: Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 induced by Helicobacter pylori is
thought to enhance gastric carcinogenesis by affecting the maintenance
of epithelial homeostasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Gastric biopsies from
160 subjects, 97 with nonulcer dyspepsia (47 H. pylori negative, 50 H.
pylori positive) and 63 with gastric cancer were examined
immunohistochemically for COX-2 expression, cell proliferation and
apoptotic indices. RESULTS: COX-2 expression in corpus was significantly
higher in H. pylori positive than in negative non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD)
(p <.05). Regardless of site, gastric cancer subjects had higher COX-2
expression in both antrum and corpus compared with H. pylori negative
and positive NUD (p <.005). Proliferation was higher in cancer and H.
pylori positive than in negative NUD (p <.0001). Moreover, cancer had
enhanced proliferation than H. pylori positive NUD in corpus greater (p
=.0454) and antrum lesser (p =.0215) curvatures. Apoptosis was higher in
H. pylori positive than in negative NUD (p <.05). However, both had a
higher index than the cancer subjects (p <.0001). Apoptosis :
proliferation ratio was higher in corpus of H. pylori negative than in
positive NUD in greater (p =.0122) and lesser (p =.0009) curvatures.
However, both had a higher A:P ratio than cancer cases (p =.0001). A
negative correlation between COX-2 expression and A:P ratio was found in
corpus greater (r = -.176, p =.0437) and lesser (r = -.188, p =.0312)
curvatures. CONCLUSION: The expression of COX-2 is associated with
disruption in gastric epithelial kinetics and hence may play a role in
gastric carcinogenesis.
12
UI - 12019175
AU - Mashino K; Sadanaga N; Yamaguchi H; Tanaka F; Ohta M; Shibuta K; Inoue
TI -
H; Mori M
Expression of chemokine receptor CCR7 is associated with lymph node
metastasis of gastric carcinoma.
SO - Cancer Res 2002 May 15;62(10):2937-41
AD - Department of Surgery, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu
University, 4546 Tsurumibaru, Beppu 874-0838, Japan.
The interactions of chemokine receptor CCR7 and its ligands are
essential for migration of lymphocytes and dendritic cells to lymph
nodes. In this study, we found that 4 of 6 (67%) gastric carcinoma cell
lines tested expressed functional CCR7 for the chemokine CCL21/6Ckine,
as demonstrated by calcium mobilization and actin polymerization assays.
Moreover, we also showed that signaling through CCR7 induced chemotactic
and invasive responses in CCR7-positive gastric carcinoma cells. In
clinical samples, immunohistochemical assay showed that CCR7-positive
carcinoma cells were detected in 42 of 64 (66%) cases and a significant
difference in both lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001) and lymphatic
invasion (P < 0.001) between CCR7-positive and -negative cases. Patients
with CCR7-positive tumors had a significantly poorer prognosis than
those with CCR7-negative tumors (P < 0.05). Stepwise regression analysis
revealed that the most important factor related to lymph node metastasis
was the expression of CCR7. These results indicated that CCR7 and its
ligands interaction is associated with preferential lymph node
metastasis of gastric carcinoma.
13
UI - 12081203
AU - Candusso ME; Luinetti O; Villani L; Alberizzi P; Klersy C; Fiocca R;
TI -
Ranzani GN; Solcia E
Loss of heterozygosity at 18q21 region in gastric cancer involves a
number of cancer-related genes and correlates with stage and histology,
but lacks independent prognostic value.
SO - J Pathol 2002 May;197(1):44-50
AD - Department of Pathology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of
Pavia, Italy.
Several studies support a role of 18q21 LOH, involving the DCC locus, in
colorectal cancer progression; however, its contribution to the natural
history of gastric cancer is less clear. Recently, a number of
cancer-related genes have been mapped in the 18q21 region, either
centromeric or telomeric to DCC. This study searched for 18q21 LOH in
161 gastric cancers representative of all tumour stages and main
histological types. To this purpose, seven highly polymorphic markers
were used flanking the 18q21 band and spanning the entire region.
Thirty-four out of 147 (23.1%) informative cases showed LOH. In 27 of 34
cases (79%), LOH involved all the informative loci. The remaining seven
cases showed LOH at more telomeric sites and retained heterozygosity at
more centromeric markers, mostly those proximal to the DCC gene. A
strong correlation between 18q21 LOH and level of gastric wall invasion,
lymph node metastases, or stage was found in cohesive (glandular+solid)
and mixed tumours, but not in diffuse cancers. Cox univariate and
multivariate analysis showed that invasion level, lymph node metastases,
distant metastases, TNM stage, and histology were effective predictors
of survival, whereas 18q21 LOH did not show predictive power. The
simultaneous deletion of a variety of cancer-related genes with
different and even opposite roles might explain why, apparently, 18q21
LOH does not per se contribute significantly to the natural history of
gastric cancer, despite strong correlation with stage.
14
UI - 12055676
AU - Chang MS; Kim HS; Kim CW; Kim YI; Lan Lee B; Kim WH
TI -
Epstein-Barr virus, p53 protein, and microsatellite instability in the
adenoma-carcinoma sequence of the stomach.
SO - Hum Pathol 2002 Apr;33(4):415-20
AD - Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National
University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
To elucidate the adenoma-carcinoma sequence in the stomach, we
investigated Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) incorporation, p53 overexpression,
and microsatellite instability (MSI) in gastric adenomas and carcinomas.
The study involved 66 cases of gastric carcinomas within or adjacent to
adenomas (adenoma-carcinoma cases), 81 cases of simple adenomas (without
carcinoma), and 306 de novo carcinomas (without adenoma focus). EBV
incorporation was revealed in 1 (1.5%) of the adenoma-carcinomas, in
none of the adenomas, and in 17 (5.6%) of the de novo carcinomas. p53
overexpression was observed in 24.2% (16 of 66) of the adenomas in the
adenoma-carcinoma cases and in 36.5% (23 of 63) of corresponding
carcinomas (kappa = 0.63, P = 0.00). MSI was positive in 12.3% (8 of 65)
of the adenomas in the adenoma-carcinoma cases and in 18.8% (12 of 64)
of the corresponding carcinomas (kappa = 0.77, P = 0.00). In conclusion,
EBV incorporation is not possibly associated with the gastric
adenoma-carcinoma sequence, whereas the gastric adenoma-carcinoma
sequence seems to be supported in terms of p53 overexpression or MSI.
The transcriptional activation of EBV may occur relatively late (after
the adenoma stage) in the gastric adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Copyright
2002, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
15
UI - 11966533
AU - Czopek J; Bialas M; Rudzki Z; Zazula M; Pituch-Noworolska A; Zembala M;
TI -
Popiela T; Kulig J; Kolodziejczyk P; Stachura J
The relationship between gastric cancer cells circulating in the blood
and microsatellite instability positive gastric carcinomas.
SO - Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2002 Apr;16 Suppl 2():128-36
AD - Department of Pathology, Jagiellonian University Medical College,
Krakow, Poland.
BACKGROUND: Cancers characterized by microsatellite instability may be
biologically different from their counterparts with stable
microsatellite sequences. Circulating cancers cell present in blood
prior to surgery may constitute an adverse prognostic finding. AIM: To
correlate these two phenomena with morphological features and survival
in advanced gastric cancer. METHODS: We examined 76 cases of resected
sporadic, advanced gastric cancer by means of routine morphology and a
panel of microsatellite markers. Sixty-six cases were screened for
presence of cancer cells circulating in blood prior to the surgery using
combined morphological and immunocytochemical approach. RESULTS:
Twenty-one (27.6%) cases demonstrated microsatellite instability in at
least one locus. Among them 11 (14.5%) showed microsatellite instability
in more than 30% (4/12) examined loci, and they were therefore
designated as replication error positive (RER+). Circulating cancer
cells were detected in 2/19 microsatellite instability and in 11/47
remaining cases (difference not significant). The survival of the
microsatellite instability cases was significantly better. The presence
of circulating cancer cells did not correlate with survival. CONCLUSION:
It is possible that the microsatellite instability status, but not
circulating cancer cells, constitutes a prognostic predictive factor in
advanced gastric carcinoma. Confirmation of this hypothesis requires
continuation of patient follow-up.
16
UI - 11966535
AU - Sepulveda AR; Tao H; Carloni E; Sepulveda J; Graham DY; Peterson LE
TI -
Screening of gene expression profiles in gastric epithelial cells
induced by Helicobacter pylori using microarray analysis.
SO - Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2002 Apr;16 Suppl 2():145-57
AD - Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213-2582, USA.
sepulvedaar@msx.upmc.edu
BACKGROUND: H. pylori infection is a major risk factor in gastric cancer
development. The availability of cDNA microarrays creates the
unprecedented opportunity to examine simultaneously dynamic changes of
multiple pathways affected by H. pylori infection. AIM: In this study we
examined broad patterns of gene expression induced by H. pylori in the
gastric cancer cell line 1739-CRL AGS cells in culture using the U95A
microarray. METHODS: H. pylori were cocultured with AGS cells for 4, 12,
24 and 48 h. Total RNA was extracted and after labelling was used for
detection of genes represented in the human U95A microarray set. Data
analyses were performed using GeneChip and CLUSFAVOR software. RESULTS:
Nearly 6000 genes present in the array were expressed by AGS cells. We
report approximately 200 genes that showed the most marked changes. Our
studies confirm the up-regulation of c-jun, jun-B, c-fos and cyclin D1
by H. pylori. We report for the first time the induction of the serine
threonine kinase pim-1 and ATF3 by H. pylori infection of AGS cells.
CONCLUSIONS: In this microarray analysis of gene expression induced by
H. pylori in gastric epithelial cells, we identified a large number of
unsuspected genes affected by H. pylori. Further, we show that
unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis can provide useful insight
into the possible contribution of genes in specific pathways, based on
their profile of expression.
17
UI - 11938779
AU - Zou Y; Wu G; Feng D
TI -
[Changes on positive rate and distribution of Helicobacter pylori during
progression of gastric cancer]
SO - Hunan Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 1999;24(2):161-3
AD - Division of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Hunan Medical
University, Changsha 410008.
We observed changes on the positive rate and the distribution of
helicobacter pylori (HP) in 7 case during early stage of gastric cancer
and in 42 cases during middle-late stage of gastric cancer. The results
showed that 1. the positive rate during early stage of gastric cancer
was 57.1%, the positive rate during middle-rate stage of gastric cancer
was 23.8%, 2. HP was not found within the gastric cancer lesions, 3. for
HP positive cases, HP distribution during early stage of gastric cancer
was more sparse than during middle-late stage of gastric cancer. These
results suggested that HP can hardly live within the gastric cancer
tissue, so the progression of gastric cancer is probably independent of
HP. It may be a question that HP eradication can prevent later
development of gastric cancer.
18
UI - 12094696
AU - Yasui W; Oue N; Kuraoka K; Nakayama H
TI -
[Molecular diagnosis of gastric cancer]
SO - Nippon Geka Gakkai Zasshi 2002 Jun;103(6):463-7
AD - Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Graduate School
of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan.
Based on the genetic and epigenetic abnormalities of cancer-related
genes during the development and progression of gastric cancer, we have
established a system of molecular-pathological diagnosis as a routine
service in Hiroshima. Approximately 5,000 lesions of the stomach have
been diagnosed and useful information on differential diagnosis, grade
of malignancy, and tumor multiplicity has been obtained using this
system. Further research on systemic gene expression profiles,
epigenetic alterations, and genetic polymorphisms will improve the
quality and efficiency of diagnosis. With the application of novel
knowledge on molecular carcinogenesis and microarray techniques,
molecular diagnosis will identify the characteristics of individual
cancers and persons, which will lead to the development of personalized
medicine.
19
UI - 11837120
AU - Meijer van Putten JB
TI -
[Helicobacter pylori]
SO - Ned Tijdschr Tandheelkd 1995 Aug;102(8):327-8
20
UI - 11986192
AU - Schwarz RE; Zagala-Nevarez K
TI -
Recurrence patterns after radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer:
prognostic factors and implications for postoperative adjuvant therapy.
SO - Ann Surg Oncol 2002 May;9(4):394-400
AD - Department of General Oncologic Surgery, City of Hope National Medical
Center, Duarte, California, USA. r.schwarz@umdnj.edu
BACKGROUND: A recent Intergroup trial demonstrated a significant
survival advantage of postgastrectomy chemoradiation in gastric cancer
patients, primarily because of a reduction of a relative locoregional
recurrence (LRR) rate exceeding 70% in control patients. Radical
gastrectomy with extended lymphadenectomy may reduce LRR, possibly
affecting adjuvant treatment strategies. METHODS: Information on
patients undergoing gastrectomy for potentially curable gastric cancer
between 1990 and 2000 was reviewed. Patterns of first disease
recurrence, survival, and disease-free survival were calculated, and
predictors were identified. RESULTS: Gastrectomies were performed in 73
patients, with R0 resections in 82%. The median lymph node count was 24;
positive nodes were found in 64% of patients. The median actuarial
survival was 27 months, with a 5-year survival of 37%. Disease recurred
in 35 patients (48%) after a median interval of 7 months (range,.5-67).
Recurrent disease patterns included distant only (37%), peritoneal only
(23%), peritoneal/locoregional (17%), all sites combined (14%),
locoregional only (6%), and distant/locoregional (3%). Recurrence
predictors were N3 category for distant recurrence (hazard ratio [HR],
10.2; P =.005), T3/4 category for peritoneal recurrence (HR, 4.8; P
=.008), peritoneal relapse (HR, 40; P =.002), and a prior abdominal
operation for LRR (HR, 3.2; P =.01). N2 disease had a distant failure
risk similar to N1 status and an intraperitoneal failure risk similar to
an N3 category. CONCLUSIONS: Isolated LRR of gastric cancer after
gastrectomy and extended lymphadenectomy is rare in this series. Most
recurrences appeared diffusely at distant or peritoneal sites, and most
LRRs occurred in conjunction with relapse at extraregional sites.
Pathologic predictors of intraperitoneal (T3/4) or systemic failure
(>N1) could be used to guide individualized, risk-oriented, adjuvant
treatment.
21
UI - 12053797
AU - Lasser P
TI -
[Stomach tumors]
SO - Rev Prat 2002 Apr 15;52(8):869-75
AD - Service de chirurgie digestive carcinologique de l'Institut
Gustave-Roussy, 94805 Villejuif.
22
UI - 12008202
AU - Carvalho B; Seruca R; Buys CH; Kok K
TI -
Novel expressed sequences obtained by means of a suppression subtractive
hybridisation analysis from the 6q21 region that is frequently deleted
in gastric cancer.
SO - Eur J Cancer 2002 May;38(8):1126-32
AD - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto,
IPATIMUP, Oporto, Portugal.
In our search for genomic regions that are involved in the development
of gastric cancer, we recently identified a 2-cM minimal region of
overlapping heterozygous deletions in 6q16.3-q23.1. Here, we describe an
application of the suppression subtraction method (SSH) to search for
genes in this small region of the genome, taking advantage of the fact
that many human genes present on yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) are
expressed in yeast. Subtraction was performed with two virtually
contiguous YACs that cover a region of approximately 2.5 Mb. Combined
forward and reversed subtractions resulted in the identification of 12
clones of human origin, all of which could be confirmed by sequence
analysis as originating from the 6q21 region. Expression in human
tissues could be confirmed by Northern analysis for two of the clones,
one of them showing a high level of expression in stomach tissue.
23
UI - 12079155
AU - Wang CS; Hsieh CC; Chao TC; Jan YY; Jeng LB; Hwang TL; Chen MF; Chen PC;
TI -
Chen JS; Hsueh S
Resectable gastric cancer: operative mortality and survival analysis.
SO - Chang Gung Med J 2002 Apr;25(4):216-27
AD - Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei,
Taiwan, ROC. wangcs@cgmh.org.tw
BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the survival outcome and determined the
prognostic factors for gastric cancer patients who underwent gastric
resection in the past 6 years. METHODS: Between 1994 and 2000, a total
of 1,322 patients with gastric cancer who underwent gastric resection in
our hospital comprised the study subjects. Their mean age was 61.1
(range, 14-92) years. There were 865 male and 457 female patients. Total
gastrectomy was performed in 389 (29.4%) and distal gastrectomy in 933
patients. Curative resection was performed in 961, and palliative
resection in 361 patients. A D2 or greater lymphadenectomy was required
for curative resection. Patients received postoperative chemotherapy if
they underwent palliative resection. RESULTS: Early or pT1 gastric
cancer accounted for 17.7% and lymph node metastasis for 62.1% of all
resected cases. The overall operative mortality and morbidity rates were
3.3% and 18.0%, respectively. The operative mortality for palliative
total gastrectomy was particularly high (8.5%). The overall cumulative
5-year survival rate of all resected patients was 45.6%, and it was
57.0% after curative resection. Multivariate analysis revealed that
lymph node metastasis, serosal invasion, peritoneal seeding, positive
resection margin, liver metastasis, old age, tumor size, and lymphatic
invasion were independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSION: The most
important prognostic factors for survival were lymph node metastasis,
serosal invasion, peritoneal seeding, positive resection margin, liver
metastasis, old age, tumor size, and lymphatic invasion. The operative
mortality and survival outcome of our gastric cancer patients after
gastric resection compared favorably with those of other series in other
countries.
24
UI - 11706219
AU - An SK; Han JK; Kim YH; Kim AY; Choi BI; Kim YA; Kim CW
TI -
Gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma: spectrum of findings
at double-contrast gastrointestinal examination with pathologic
correlation.
SO - Radiographics 2001 Nov-Dec;21(6):1491-502, discussion 1502-4
AD - Departments of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine,
28 Yongon-dong, Chongno-Gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea.
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) is found in the surface
epithelium of the stomach. MALT lymphoma is extranodal lymphoma
originating from MALT. In the stomach, a strong association with
Helicobacter pylori infection has been demonstrated. Low-grade gastric
MALT lymphoma has been reported to have variable features at upper
gastrointestinal (UGI) examination. Twenty-two patients with low-grade
MALT lymphoma had ulcers (n = 11), fold thickening (n = 7), mucosal
nodularity (n = 7), masses (n = 6), or prominent areae gastricae (n = 4)
at UGI examination. Six patients with high-grade MALT lymphoma had
masses (n = 4), fold thickening (n = 3), ulcers (n = 1), or mucosal
nodularity (n = 1) at UGI examination. These findings were similar to
those in gastric carcinoma or gastritis. Differentiation of low-grade
MALT lymphoma from gastritis or gastric carcinoma was more difficult
than differentiation of high-grade MALT lymphoma. Lesions of MALT
lymphoma associated with H pylori gastritis were diffuse or multiple in
65% of cases; however, lesions of MALT lymphoma without proved H pylori
gastritis were focal or solitary in 80% of cases. Therefore,
multiplicity of lesions in MALT lymphoma was closely associated with H
pylori infection.
25
UI - 12065866
AU - Fujimoto T; Zhang B; Minami S; Wang X; Takahashi Y; Mai M
TI -
Evaluation of intraoperative intraperitoneal cytology for advanced
gastric carcinoma.
SO - Oncology 2002;62(3):201-8
AD - Division of Surgical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa
University, Japan. fuji-cl@gray.plala.or.jp
OBJECTIVE: We evaluated intraperitoneal cytology during surgery as a
significant predictor of survival and tried to establish strategies for
preventing peritoneal carcinomatosis. METHODS: The study included 236
patients with gastric carcinoma macroscopically invading the serosa who
underwent intraperitoneal cytological examination during surgery. In the
215 resected patients, the relationship between cytological positivity
for cancer cells and various clinicopathologic features was analyzed.
Additionally, postoperative survival was assessed in relation to the
positivity of intraoperative cytology. RESULTS: Cancer cells were
positive [Cy+] in 78 (33.1%) of 236 patients who underwent cytological
examinations. Among 73 patients with peritoneal metastases, 53 patients
(72.6%) were Cy+, as were 25 (15.3%) of the 163 patients without
peritoneal metastases. Multivariate analysis indicated that peritoneal
metastasis (p = 0.0001) and the depth of tumor invasion (p = 0.0069)
were significant factors correlated with Cy+. Among patients with
curative surgery, the 5-year survival rate of the Cy+ group was 22.2%,
which was worse (p = 0.0004) compared with that of the Cy(-) group
(60.9%). Among Cy+ patients, the survival rate of the group treated with
intraperitoneal administration of mitomycin C (MMC) and OK-432 was
better (p = 0.0108) than that of the historical control group.
CONCLUSION: These results suggest that intraperitoneal cytological
examination can be a significant prognostic factor for gastric carcinoma
with serosal invasion. In addition, dissemination of cancer cells in the
peritoneum may be controlled by intraperitoneal immunochemotherapy with
MMC and OK-432. Copyright 2002 S. Karger AG, Basel
26
UI - 12067995
AU - Clements WM; Wang J; Sarnaik A; Kim OJ; MacDonald J; Fenoglio-Preiser C;
TI -
Groden J; Lowy AM
beta-Catenin mutation is a frequent cause of Wnt pathway activation in
gastric cancer.
SO - Cancer Res 2002 Jun 15;62(12):3503-6
AD - University of Cincinnati Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical
Oncology, Ohio 45219, USA.
Studies of Wnt activation in gastric cancer have yielded conflicting
results. The goals of this study were to determine the frequency of Wnt
pathway activation and beta-catenin mutation in these tumors. Three
hundred eleven gastric cancers were examined for beta-catenin expression
by immunostaining and dissected using laser capture microscopy to obtain
DNA from those tumors with nuclear beta-catenin. Exon 3 of beta-catenin
was amplified using PCR and sequenced. Ninety gastric cancers (29%)
displayed nuclear beta-catenin. DNAs from 73 tumors were amplified and
sequenced; 19 (26%) contained mutations in exon 3 of beta-catenin,
whereas no mutations were detected in 19 tumors negative for
beta-catenin nuclear staining (P < 0.05). Most mutations were adjacent
to or abolished known regulatory phosphorylation sites. Mutations in
exon 3 of beta-catenin are common in gastric cancer that display nuclear
beta-catenin. These results suggest that Wnt pathway activation
contributes to carcinogenesis in a subset of gastric adenocarcinomas.
27
UI - 12115523
AU - Takahashi H; Endo T; Yamashita K; Arimura Y; Yamamoto H; Sasaki S; Itoh
TI -
F; Hirata K; Imamura A; Kondo M; Sato T; Imai K
Mucin phenotype and microsatellite instability in early multiple gastric
cancers.
SO - Int J Cancer 2002 Aug 1;100(4):419-24
AD - First Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University,
Sapporo, Japan. hiroaki@sapmed.ac.jp
Clinicopathologically, multiple gastric cancers (MGCs) are reported to
involve predominantly intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and frequently to
be associated with severe intestinal metaplasia. However, there are few
reports concerning the characteristic biomarkers of early MGCs. The aim
of our study was to identify the cellular lineage defined by mucin
phenotypes and the relationships among mucin phenotypes, background
mucosa and microsatellite instability (MSI) of early MGCs. We examined
mucin phenotypes of 63 surgically resected carcinomas from 25 patients
with early MGCs and 39 early solitary gastric cancers (SGCs) by
immunohistochemical analysis using a panel of monoclonal antibodies. MSI
and the degree of intestinal metaplasia (IM) on the background mucosa
were also examined. In early MGCs, the incidence of cancer exhibiting
the gastric phenotype (G-type) was 59% (37 of 63 cancers), which was
higher than that in early SGCs (23%, 9 of 39 cancers). There was a
significant difference between the distributions of mucin phenotypes in
early MGCs and early SGCs (p = 0.001). Whereas half of the G-type
cancers in early MGCs were related to severe IM, none of the G-type
cancers in early SGCs were related to severe IM. In the early MGCs, MSI
was observed in 21 of 63 cancers (33.3%). In contrast, MSI was observed
in only 3 of the 39 (7.7%) early SGCs, indicating a significant
difference between these 2 groups (p < 0.01). Our results suggest that
the characteristic features of early MGCs are the gastric mucin dominant
phenotype and high frequency of MSI. Copyright 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
28
UI - 12115524
AU - Tsukino H; Kuroda Y; Qiu D; Nakao H; Imai H; Katoh T
TI -
Effects of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2A6 gene deletion and CYP2E1 genotypes
on gastric adenocarcinoma.
SO - Int J Cancer 2002 Aug 1;100(4):425-8
AD - Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Miyazaki Medical
College, Miyazaki, Japan.
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2A6 and CYP2E1 are enzymes with a high ability to
activate a nitrosamine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone
(NNK), to its potent and ultimate carcinogens. The polymorphic CYP2A6
and CYP2E1 have been implicated in increased susceptibility to certain
malignancies. In our study, 120 Japanese patients with gastric
adenocarcinoma and 158 healthy controls were compared for frequencies of
CYP2A6 and CYP2E1 genotypes. The frequency with which the subjects
carried homozygotes of the CYP2A6 gene deletion allele, which causes
lack of the enzyme activity, was significantly higher in the gastric
cancer patients than in the healthy control subjects (OR = 3.14, 95%
confidence interval (95% CI) = 1.05-9.41). Subdividing gastric
adenocarcinoma according to tumor differentiation, patients with the
well-differentiated type were 4.9-fold more likely to have the CYP2A6
homozygote deletion genotype (OR = 4.91, 95% CI 1.17-20.52). Stratifying
by smoking status, we did not find the risk of CYP2A6 gene deletion
allele in gastric adenocarcinoma. The CYP2E1 polymorphism detected by
RsaI was not significantly different between gastric adenocarcinoma
patients (40.8%) and the control population (44.3%). No statistically
significant changes were observed when the CYP2E1 genotype was examined
relative to tumor differentiation and smoking status. These results
suggest that the CTY2A6 deletion is associated with gastric
adenocarcinoma among Japanese populations. Copyright 2002 Wiley-Liss,
Inc.
29
UI - 10096035
AU - Harris KM; Kelly S; Berry E; Hutton J; Roderick P; Cullingworth J;
TI -
Gathercole L; O'Connor PJ; Boyce JC; Smith MA
Systematic review of endoscopic ultrasound in gastro-oesophageal cancer.
SO - Health Technol Assess 1998;2(18):i-iv, 1-134
AD - Department of Radiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds
General Infirmary, UK.
30
UI - 12101576
AU - Krylov IuV; Malashenko SV; Medvedev MN; Mikhailova EI
TI -
[Diagnostic significance of ferritin assay in peritoneal fluid and
gastric juice]
SO - Vopr Onkol 2002;48(1):88-90
AD - State Medical University, Vitebsk.
Ferritin was assayed by immunoradiometrical procedure in peritoneal
fluid (26 patients with various ovarian pathologies) and gastric juice
(18 patients with stomach cancer and 28 cases of gastric ulcer disease).
It was found that diagnostic significance of ferritin measurements in
peritoneal fluid in ovarian pathology is compromised by inflammation.
Therefore, this marker cannot be used to differentiate between malignant
and benign ovarian tumor. Single measurements of ferritin for detecting
stomach ulcers were also diagnostically irrelevant since the data for
stomach cancer and gastric ulcer exacerbation showed no significant
difference.
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