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NCI CANCERLIT® Search: Intraocular Melanoma - August 2002
National Cancer Institute®
Last Modified: August 1, 2002
- Persistent intraschisis hemorrhage simulating choroidal melanoma.
- Uveal melanoma cell staining for CD34 and assessment of tumor vascularity.
- Cellular radiosensitivity of primary and metastatic human uveal melanoma cell lines.
- Incidence of uveal melanoma in Sweden from 1960 to 1998.
- Characterization of melanoma associated spongiform scleropathy.
- An unusual case of Sturge-Weber syndrome in association with phakomatosis pigmentovascularis and Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome.
- Retinal neovascularization in choroidal melanoma without retinal ischemia.
- Diffuse iris melanoma: a report of 25 cases.
- Multiple neoplasms: a case report.
- Late malignant melanoma after treatment of rhabdomyosarcoma of the orbit during childhood.
- Unilateral multifocal uveal melanoma with occult ring melanoma.
- CD80-mediated induction of immunostimulation in two ocular melanoma cell lines is augmented by interferon-gamma.
- The triad of bilateral retinoblastoma, dysplastic naevus syndrome and multiple cutaneous malignant melanomas: a case report and review of the
- [Prospects for developing treatment of uveal melanoma from the position of modern carcinogenesis concepts]
Table of Contents
1
UI - 12062232
AU - Kiratli H
TI -
Persistent intraschisis hemorrhage simulating choroidal melanoma.
SO - Jpn J Ophthalmol 2002 Mar-Apr;46(2):222-5
AD - Ocular Oncology Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Hacettepe
University of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
BACKGROUND: Intraschisis hemorrhage of dark green color without
accompanying vitreous hemorrhage is a rare complication of degenerative
retinoschisis-detachment. CASE: A 37-year-old male patient with
unilateral intraschisis hemorrhage closely mimicking a choroidal
melanoma is described. OBSERVATIONS: Ultrasonography and intravenous
fluorescein angiography suggested intraschisis hemorrhage. T(1)-weighted
magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a hyperintense lesion compared
to the vitreous that did not enhance with contrast agent. Managed by
observation, the color of the lesion started to change at the 6th month
of follow-up. The hemorrhagic lesion regressed to half size in 40 months
following the diagnosis, and disappeared in 62 months. CONCLUSION: Very
rarely may an intraschisis hemorrhage secondary to degenerative
retinoschisis-detachment simulate a choroidal melanoma. In our patient,
careful interpretation of the conventional methods was adequate for the
differential diagnosis. The unusual feature of this patient was that the
hemorrhage resolved in 5 years, much slower than expected.
2
UI - 12147581
AU - Chen X; Maniotis AJ; Majumdar D; Pe'er J; Folberg R
TI -
Uveal melanoma cell staining for CD34 and assessment of tumor
vascularity.
SO - Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2002 Aug;43(8):2533-9
AD - Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago,
Illinois, USA.
PURPOSE: Aggressive melanoma cells may express endothelial markers that
can be used to calculate microvascular density (MVD). High MVD has been
associated with adverse outcome in uveal melanoma. If tumor cells label
with endothelial cell markers, then MVD may not accurately reflect a
tumor's vascularity. This study was designed to study the influence of
melanoma cell labeling by endothelial cell markers on MVD. METHODS:
Tissue sections of 200 ciliary body or choroidal melanomas were stained
with CD34 alone, and the MVD was calculated by counting discrete foci of
CD34 labeling in hot spots, as described previously. From adjacent
sections double labeled by fluorescent immunohistochemical stains for
S100 protein and CD34, tumor cells labeling with both markers were
identified. The relationship between marker coexpression and MVD was
tested. Tissue sections were also double labeled for Melan-A and CD34.
RESULTS: MVD was found to be associated with death from metastatic
melanoma as reported previously. However, colocalization of both Melan-A
and S100 protein with CD34 was demonstrated. The labeling of tumor cells
by CD34 was associated with an elevated calculation of MVD (P < 0.0001)
but not with cell type, mitotic figures, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes,
or PAS-positive patterns. CONCLUSIONS: CD34 may label uveal melanoma
cells and may contribute to computation of MVD. Although MVD is
prognostically significant in uveal melanoma, this feature is not an
exclusive measure of tumor vascularity.
3
UI - 12147585
AU - van den Aardweg GJ; Naus NC; Verhoeven AC; de Klein A; Luyten GP
TI -
Cellular radiosensitivity of primary and metastatic human uveal melanoma
cell lines.
SO - Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2002 Aug;43(8):2561-5
AD - Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Clinical Radiobiology,
University Hospital Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
aardweg@path.fgg.eur.nl
PURPOSE: To investigate the radiosensitivity of uveal melanoma cell
lines by a clonogenic survival assay, to improve the efficiency of the
radiation regimen. METHODS: Four primary and four metastatic human uveal
melanoma cell lines were cultured in the presence of conditioned medium.
After single-dose irradiation (0-12 Gy), colonies were allowed to form
for 6 to 14 days. Two cutaneous melanomas cell lines were also tested
for comparison. The survival curves were analyzed by the linear
quadratic (LQ) model, and the surviving fraction at a dose of 2 Gy
(SF(2)), the SF at 10 Gy (SF(10)), the ratio of initial irreparably
damaged DNA (alpha-coefficient) to the capacity to repair sublethally
damaged DNA (beta-coefficient), and the plating efficiency were
calculated. RESULTS: The melanomas displayed a wide range of initial
irreparable DNA damage (alpha-component), as well as a capacity for
repair of sublethal DNA damage (beta-component), which ultimately
resulted in a wide range of alpha/beta ratios. These findings were
similar in both primary and metastatic melanomas and were comparable
with data obtained from two cutaneous melanomas. CONCLUSIONS: Cell lines
obtained from primary and metastatic human uveal melanomas displayed a
wide range of radiosensitivity, similar to that published for cutaneous
melanomas. Translating these data to the clinical setting indicates that
a fractionated dose of 8 to 10 Gy administered in three to four
fractions, as currently delivered in many centers, should be sufficient
to eradicate tumors of approximately 1 cm(3).
4
UI - 12147588
AU - Bergman L; Seregard S; Nilsson B; Ringborg U; Lundell G;
TI -
Ragnarsson-Olding B
Incidence of uveal melanoma in Sweden from 1960 to 1998.
SO - Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2002 Aug;43(8):2579-83
AD - St. Eriks Eye Hospital and. Radiumhemmet, Karolinska Hospital,
Stockholm, Sweden. louise.bergman@sankterik.se
PURPOSE: To investigate the incidence of uveal melanoma in Sweden during
the period from 1960 to 1998, with respect to age distribution, gender,
and changes in incidence over time. METHODS: The Swedish Cancer Registry
was searched for patients with uveal melanoma and cross-checked against
hospital files over patients where an eye-sparing treatment had been
applied, to ensure inclusion in the Registry even when no histologic
specimen was available. The crude and age-standardized incidence was
estimated separately for each gender. The Swedish population of 1970 to
1974 was used as a standard, and the annual change in incidence was
calculated by using a regression model with logarithmic incidence
numbers. RESULTS: In total, 2997 patients met the criteria, of whom 1542
were males and 1455 females. During the 39-year period, the
age-standardized incidence of uveal melanoma declined significantly in
the male population, from 11.7 cases/million to 8.4 cases/million (P =
0.002). The trend toward reduced incidence in females, from 10.3 to 8.7
cases/million did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.108). The
annual relative change in incidence was 1% (95% CI, 0.8%-1.2%) in males
and 0.7% (95% CI, 0%-1.3%) in females. The age-specific incidence
revealed a significantly higher incidence among men older than 45 years
(23.5 cases/million) compared with the incidence in women of the same
age group (19.2 cases/million; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A Swedish
national survey performed to establish the incidence of uveal melanoma
during the period from 1960 to 1998 revealed a decreasing incidence in
the male and a stable incidence in the female population.
5
UI - 12059874
AU - Alyahya GA; Heegaard S; Prause JU
TI -
Characterization of melanoma associated spongiform scleropathy.
SO - Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2002 Jun;80(3):322-6
AD - Eye Pathology Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
PURPOSE: Melanoma associated spongiform scleropathy (MASS) describes
areas within the sclera where collagen bundles appear to have
disintegrated into loose fibres. It is found adjacent to choroidal and
ciliary body melanoma. This study aimed to characterize these changes
histopathologically. METHODS: Sections of 218 eyes that had been
were examined for MASS, using data collected from the files of the Eye
Pathology Institute, University of Copenhagen. Findings were correlated
to patient characteristics (age, gender and pre-enucleation radiation)
and tumour characteristics (location, morphology and invasion). Staining
was applied using haematoxylin-eosin (HE), periodic acid-Schiff (PAS),
haematoxylin-phloxine-saffron (HPS), alcian blue, colloidal iron and
Masson's trichrome. Sixteen normal eyes and 29 eyes with diseases other
than choroidal and ciliary body melanoma served as controls. RESULTS:
Melanoma associated spongiform scleropathy was observed in 73 of the 218
eyes (33%) with melanoma. No changes were found in normal eyes or in
eyes with other intraocular diseases. A significantly higher incidence
of MASS was found in older age groups. Thirty-six (49%) of the 73 cases
of MASS were observed within a patient age range of 71-90 years, whereas
only 14 cases (19%) were observed within an age range of 41-60 years.
Pre-enucleation radiation significantly reduced the incidence of MASS.
Twenty-two (10%) of the total 218 eyes had received pre-enucleation
radiation and in only two (1%) of these was MASS observed. Melanoma
associated spongiform scleropathy was found only in areas of contact
between the tumour and the sclera, and the degree of MASS correlated
directly with the extent of this contact. No significant correlation
with tumour cell type was found. CONCLUSIONS: In eyes with MASS, the
severity of the changes correlated to the extent of direct contact
between the tumour and sclera. Melanoma associated spongiform
scleropathy showed a significant predilection towards older age groups.
Pre-enucleation radiation significantly reduced the incidence of MASS.
Melanoma associated spongiform scleropathy is probably caused by a
deposition of amorphous material splitting the scleral collagen fibrils.
This material may be secreted either directly from the adjacent tumour
or from scleral fibroblasts stimulated by the tumour cells.
6
UI - 12055477
AU - Saricaoglu MS; Guven D; Karakurt A; Sengun A; Ziraman I
TI -
An unusual case of Sturge-Weber syndrome in association with
phakomatosis pigmentovascularis and Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome.
SO - Retina 2002 Jun;22(3):368-71
AD - Third Eye Clinic and Third Radiology Clinic, Ankara Numune Teaching and
Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
7
UI - 12055478
AU - Keunen JE; Hooymans JM; Ulbig MW; Shields CL
TI -
Retinal neovascularization in choroidal melanoma without retinal
ischemia.
SO - Retina 2002 Jun;22(3):371-4
AD - Ocular Oncology Service, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the
Netherlands. j.e.e.keunen@lumc.nl
8
UI - 12153810
AU - Demirci H; Shields CL; Shields JA; Eagle RC Jr; Honavar SG
TI -
Diffuse iris melanoma: a report of 25 cases.
SO - Ophthalmology 2002 Aug;109(8):1553-60
AD - Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA.
BACKGROUND: Diffuse iris melanoma is a rare variant of iris melanoma
that has a flat growth pattern and often presents as unilateral
hyperchromic heterochromia and glaucoma. There have been no large
clinical reports of diffuse iris melanoma. DESIGN: Single-center
retrospective case series. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-five consecutive
patients with diffuse iris melanoma. METHODS: A review of the clinical
features, management, histopathologic analysis, and prognosis was
performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical features, histopathologic
features, management, and prognosis. RESULTS: At the time of diagnosis,
the mean patient age was 49 years. The initial complaint was unilateral
darker eye color in 13 cases (52%) and blurred vision in 6 (24%). Six
patients (24%) were symptom free. On presentation elsewhere, the initial
diagnosis was iris melanoma or nevus in 11 cases (44%) and glaucoma in
14 (56%), 8 (32%) of whom had prior laser or surgical treatment for
glaucoma. The 25 patients were observed for a mean of 30 months before
the diagnosis of melanoma was suspected and referral to our center for
evaluation. The mean intraocular pressure at referral was 36 mmHg, and
the mean number of clock hours involved by tumor was 11. Heterochromia
iridis was present in all 25 cases (100%), corectopia in 23 (92%), and
ectropion iridis in 21 (84%). Associated findings included unilateral
cataract in 8 (32%), a prominent episcleral (sentinel) vessel in 7
(28%), and anterior chamber inflammation in 5 (20%), and synechiae
(anterior or posterior) in none. The tumor was managed by enucleation in
22 cases (88%) and by plaque brachytherapy in 3 (12%). Five cases (20%)
were classified as spindle melanoma, 17 (68%) as mixed cell type, and 3
(12%) as epithelioid cell type. Therefore, histopathologic examination
showed that 80% of cases contained epithelioid cells. All 22 enucleated
cases were found to have tumor invasion in the trabecular meshwork.
Tumor invasion of Schlemm's canal was found in 18 (82%), minor pars
plicata in 12 (55%), and episclera in 7 cases (28%). Of seven cases with
episcleral invasion, four underwent surgical treatment for glaucoma.
Excluding one recent case, the patients were observed for a mean of 78
months. Liver metastasis developed in 3 cases (13%). CONCLUSIONS:
Diffuse iris melanoma is a serious ocular condition that causes
unilateral hyperchromic heterochromia and secondary glaucoma, often
leading to a delay in diagnosis. Local invasion of adjacent ocular
structures is common, and distant metastasis occurs in 13% of cases at
mean follow-up of 78 months.
9
UI - 12029570
AU - Pigeaud-Klessens ML; van der Valk P
TI -
Multiple neoplasms: a case report.
SO - Orbit 2002 Jun;21(2):145-8
AD - Department of Ophthalmology, VU-Medical Center, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands.
Patients diagnosed with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) have an
increased risk of developing second primary cancers. However, as far as
we know, more than one type of subsequent malignancy in one patient has
not been described. We report a case of two different skin cancers
following CLL. A 68-year-old female patient, in whom CLL was diagnosed 5
years earlier, presented with a pigmentation in the left lower eyelid.
Biopsy showed a melanoma. The tumor was excised and histopathological
examination revealed a superficial spreading melanoma. Half a year
later, a new pigmented tumor was seen in the transplant of the left
lower eyelid. Biopsy was performed and histopathological examination
showed an intraepithelial squamous cell carcinoma. This was treated with
5 fluorouracil 1% eyedrops.
10
UI - 12149065
AU - Lumbroso L; Sigal-Zafrani B; Jouffroy T; Levy C; Rodriguez J; Desjardins
TI -
L
Late malignant melanoma after treatment of rhabdomyosarcoma of the orbit
during childhood.
SO - Arch Ophthalmol 2002 Aug;120(8):1087-90
AD - Institut Curie, 26 Rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France.
livia.lumbroso@curie.net
11
UI - 12149066
AU - Hammer ME; Margo CE
TI -
Unilateral multifocal uveal melanoma with occult ring melanoma.
SO - Arch Ophthalmol 2002 Aug;120(8):1090-1
AD - Tampa, Fla, USA.
12
UI - 11930109
AU - Mulcahy KA; Alexander S; Platts KE; Wardle C; Sisley K; Rennie IG;
TI -
Murray AK
CD80-mediated induction of immunostimulation in two ocular melanoma cell
lines is augmented by interferon-gamma.
SO - Melanoma Res 2002 Apr;12(2):129-38
AD - Section of Oncology and Pathology (Cancer Studies), University of
Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
Although the transfection of the T-cell costimulatory molecule CD80 cDNA
into human tumours can augment their immunogenicity in vitro, its
expression alone is ineffective in many tumour systems. We evaluated the
influence of CD80 expression on the immunostimulatory activity of ocular
melanoma cell lines and determined whether IFN-gamma could enhance the
effect. Two ocular melanoma cell lines were transfected with CD80 cDNA.
The immunostimulatory capacity of the CD80+ transfectants was determined
by their ability to stimulate the proliferation of allogeneic peripheral
blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The influence of additional accessory
molecules on PBMC proliferation was assessed by pre-treating the CD80
transfectants with IFN-gamma. The CD80+ transfectants induced
proliferation of allogeneic PBMC. IFN-gamma treatment of the tumour
cells induced upregulated expression of MHC class I, de novo expression
of MHC class II and CD54, and enhanced the ability of the CD80+
transfectants to stimulate PBMC proliferation. CD4+ T cells were not
required for the proliferative response against untreated CD80+ tumour
cells but were necessary for the augmentation of proliferation observed
following IFN-gamma treatment. CD80+ ocular melanoma cells possess
immunostimulatory potential which is augmented by IFN-gamma induced
upregulation of cell surface molecules. Further studies on the role of
costimulatory molecules in inducing anti-tumour immunity in ocular
melanoma may help to define new strategies for application of
immunotherapeutic approaches to treat this aggressive disease.
13
UI - 11930116
AU - Belt PJ; Smithers M; Elston T
TI -
The triad of bilateral retinoblastoma, dysplastic naevus syndrome and
multiple cutaneous malignant melanomas: a case report and review of the
literature.
SO - Melanoma Res 2002 Apr;12(2):179-82
AD - Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of
Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland,
Australia. pbelt@plasticsurgery.org.au
We report a case of a patient with the triad of retinoblastoma,
dysplastic naevus syndrome (DNS) and multiple cutaneous melanomas. The
combination of retinoblastoma and DNS is a significant risk factor for
the development of cutaneous melanoma. This risk extends to family
members. We recommend that survivors of (inherited) retinoblastoma and
their relatives are closely screened for the presence of dysplastic
naevi.
14
UI - 11898358
AU - Likhvantseva VG
TI -
[Prospects for developing treatment of uveal melanoma from the position
of modern carcinogenesis concepts]
SO - Vestn Oftalmol 2002 Jan-Feb;118(1):32-5
Immunohistochemical studies of regulator proteins p53, Bcl-2, Bax,
Ki-67, and CD-95L showed that apoptosis suppression, allowing unlimited
proliferation of tumor cells, plays an important role in the
carcinogenesis of uveal melanoma. This fact dictates the need of
including drugs arresting suppression or inducing apoptosis in
therapeutic protocols for uveal melanoma. Prognostic significance of
p53, Bcl-2, Bax, and CD-95L was demonstrated. Each of the peptides can
be used as a prognostic marker.
The above citations and abstracts reflect those newly added to CANCERLIT for the month and topic listed in the title. The citations have been retrieved from CANCERLIT using a predefined search strategy of indexed subject terms. Although the search strategy has been refined as best as possible, citations may appear that are not directly related to the topic, and occasionally relevant references may be omitted.
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