- Cancer Types
Information about risk, prevention, screening, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and support for all cancers Cancer A to Z - Cancer Treatment
Cancer Treatment
Information about cancer treatment, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, clinical trials, proton therapy, complementary medicine, and cutting edge technologies.
- Risk and Prevention
- Cancer Drugs
- Support
Support
Ways for cancer patients and caregivers to cope with cancer, side effects, nutrition, general cancer support issues, grief/end of life issues, and shared survivor's experiences.
- Healthcare Professionals
- Clinical Trials
My Patient Treatment Binder
OncoLink Blogs
What's My Cancer Risk?
OncoPilot: Navigating Your Cancer Journey
Community Events Calendar
OncoLink eNews
Abramson Cancer Center
NCI CANCERLIT® Search: Esophageal Neoplasms - September 2002
National Cancer Institute®
Last Modified: September 1, 2002
- Prevention of the neoplastic progression of Barrett's oesophagus by argon beam plasma ablation (Br J Surg 2001;88:1357-62).
- Familial factors in the etiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease, Barrett's esophagus, and esophageal adenocarcinoma.
- Role of molecular biology in the follow-up of patients who have Barrett's esophagus.
- Dysplasia arising in barrett's esophagus: diagnostic pitfalls and natural history.
- Esophageal squamous dysplasia.
- Expression of glutathione s-transferase pi in benign mucosa, Barrett's metaplasia, and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus.
- Three-field lymph node dissection for squamous cell and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus.
- Randomized study of the benefits of preoperative corticosteroid administration on the postoperative morbidity and cytokine response in
- Access to care and stage at diagnosis for patients with lung cancer and esophageal cancer: analysis of the Savannah River Region Information
- [Chromoendoscopy in the diagnosis of precancerous lesions of the esophagus. Our experience]
- Is age a risk factor for esophagectomy?
- [Indications for chemotherapy in cancers of the esophagus, stomach and pancreas]
- Quality of life and symptoms after surgery for gastroesophageal cancer: a pilot study.
- 2D differential in-gel electrophoresis for the identification of esophageal scans cell cancer-specific protein markers.
- Gene amplification profiling of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas by DNA array CGH.
- Overexpression of metastasis-associated MTA1 mRNA in invasive oesophageal carcinomas.
- Barrett's esophagus: so what!
- Immunohistochemical presentation in non-malignant and malignant Barrett's epithelium.
- Angiogenic markers, neovascularization and malignant deformation of Barrett's esophagus.
- Ablation of Barrett's epithelium: the promise and the problems.
- Reasons for current practices in managing Barrett's esophagus.
- Histopathologic effects of neoadjuvant therapies for advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus: multivariate analysis of predictive
- Differences and relationships of thymidine phosphorylase expression in tumor-associated macrophages and cancer cells in squamous cell carcinoma
- Changes of TGFbeta1 and TGFbetaRII expression in esophageal precancerous and cancerous lesions: a study of a high-risk population in Henan,
- Endoscopic screening and determination of p53 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in esophageal multistage carcinogenesis: a comparative
- Progressive loss of PAX9 expression correlates with increasing malignancy of dysplastic and cancerous epithelium of the human
- Imaging features of primary and recurrent esophageal cancer at FDG PET.
- Effect of multimodality therapy on circulating vascular endothelial growth factor levels in patients with oesophageal cancer.
- Prevention of the neoplastic progression of Barrett's oesophagus by endoscopic argon beam plasma ablation.
- [Apico-thoracic retro-aortic anastomosis in radical operation for esophageal carcinoma]
- [Palliative care of non-resectable stenosed esophageal and cardiac cancer. A retrospective study of 31 patients treated with endoscopic
- Extragastric MALT lymphoma.
- Current guidelines fail young patients with oesophagogastric cancer.
- Randomized clinical trial comparing self-expanding metallic stents with plastic endoprostheses in the palliation of oesophageal cancer.
- Ectopic expression of guanylyl cyclase C in adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and stomach.
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, body mass index, and anthropometry in relation to genetic and flow cytometric abnormalities
- Stomal metastases complicating percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy: CT findings and the argument for radiologic tube placement.
- [Causal association between human papilloma virus infection and head and neck and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma]
- Identification of somatic mutations of the RNF6 gene in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
- Occupation and risk of esophageal and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma.
- Fluid management and postoperative respiratory disturbances in patients with transthoracic esophagectomy for carcinoma.
- Phase I study of a weekly schedule of a fixed dose of cisplatin and escalating doses of paclitaxel in patients with advanced oesophageal
- Estrogen receptor-beta is expressed in Barrett's metaplasia and associated adenocarcinoma of the esophagus.
- Effect of transfection with human interferon-beta gene entrapped in cationic multilamellar liposomes in combination with 5-fluorouracil on
- Immunohistochemical detection of carcinoembryonic antigen in esophageal carcinomas: a comparison with other gastrointestinal neoplasms.
- A fractal dimension analysis: a new method for evaluating the response of anticancer therapy.
- [Thoracoscopic esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. Personal experience]
- [Value of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in treatment of operable cancers of the esophagus]
- [5-aminolevulinic acid induced fluorescence for the detection of oesophageal lesions]
- Transhiatal esophagectomy for benign and malignant conditions.
- Hiatal hernia size, Barrett's length, and severity of acid reflux are all risk factors for esophageal adenocarcinoma.
- Infrequent frameshift mutations of polynucleotide repeats in multiple primary cancers affecting the esophagus and other organs.
- Mismatch repair and microsatellite instability in esophageal cancer cells.
- Oesophageal cancer may be caused by fertilizer used on vegetables and fruits.
- [Reconstruction after total circular pharyngolaryngectomy: comparison between gastric interposition and free jejunal flap]
- Urinary tea polyphenols in relation to gastric and esophageal cancers: a prospective study of men in Shanghai, China.
- Methylene blue-directed biopsies improve detection of intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus.
- Expression of apoptosis-related proteins in Barrett's metaplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma sequence: a switch to a more resistant
- Characterization of a 500 kb region on 17q25 and the exclusion of candidate genes as the familial Tylosis Oesophageal Cancer (TOC) locus.
- Lymph node staging of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in patients with and without neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy: histomorphologic
- [Factors predictive of complete resection of operable esophageal cancer: review of 746 patients]
- Human papillomavirus associated with oesophageal cancer.
- [Salvage operation for esophageal cancer after radical chemoradiotherapy]
- Decreased Smad4 expression in the transforming growth factor-beta signaling pathway during progression of esophageal squamous cell
- Tumour necrosis factor-alpha in Barrett's oesophagus: a potential novel mechanism of action.
- Cytotoxicity of fumonisin B1, diethylnitrosamine, and catechol on the SNO esophageal cancer cell line.
- Human papillomavirus-16 and -18 replication in esophagus squamous cancer cell lines does not require heterologous E1 and E2 proteins.
- Gastric surgery is not a risk for Barrett's esophagus or esophageal adenocarcinoma.
- Preoperative prevalence of Barrett's esophagus in esophageal adenocarcinoma: a systematic review.
- Discussion on preoperative prevalence of Barrett's esophagus in esophageal adenocarcinoma: a systemic review.
- New approaches to treating oesophageal cancer.
- Comparison between continuous accelerated hyperfractionated and late-course accelerated hyperfractionated radiotherapy for esophageal
- Vagal-sparing esophagectomy: a more physiologic alternative.
- Treatment outcomes of resected esophageal cancer.
- Should we continue oesophageal surgery in a district general hospital? A review of 200 consecutive cases.
- Should we continue oesophageal surgery in a district general hospital? A review of 200 consecutive cases.
- Should we continue oesophageal surgery in a district general hospital? A review of 200 consecutive cases.
- Cytokeratin expression in adenocarcinomas of the esophagogastric junction: a comparative study of adenocarcinomas of the distal esophagus
- Cancer of the upper gastrointestinal tract.
- Delays in the diagnosis of oesophagogastric cancer: a consecutive case series.
- Delays in the diagnosis of oesophagogastric cancer: a consecutive case series. Commentary: Britain does better than Germany before patients
- A testicular antigen aberrantly expressed in human cancers detected by autologous antibody screening.
- Population based cohort study of the association between alcohol intake and cancer of the upper digestive tract.
- DNA-dependent protein kinase activity correlates with Ku70 expression and radiation sensitivity in esophageal cancer cell lines.
- Neoadjuvant therapy of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: response evaluation by positron emission tomography.
- Expression of multiple cancer-testis antigen genes in gastrointestinal and breast carcinomas.
- Oesophageal cancer surgery.
- Oesophageal cancer surgery.
- [Respiratory manifestations of reflux disease. Gastric acidity--poison for larynx, teeth and respiratory tract]
- Staging of oesophageal adenocarcinoma.
- Evaluation of POSSUM in patients with oesophageal cancer undergoing resection.
- Surgical management of and long-term survival after adenocarcinoma of the cardia.
- A pathological study of tumour regression in oesophageal adenocarcinoma treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy.
- Clinical prognostic values of vascular endothelial growth factor, microvessel density,and p53 expression in esophageal carcinomas.
- Phase II trial of docetaxel chemotherapy in patients with incurable adenocarcinoma of the esophagus.
- [Barrett esophagus--esophageal carcinoma: diagnosis]
- [Barrett esophagus--esophageal carcinoma: conservative therapy and observation]
- [Barrett esophagus--esophageal carcinoma: surgical therapy]
- Genetic polymorphisms of cytochrome P4501A1 and oesophageal squamous-cell carcinoma in Taiwan.
- Metallothionein in human oesophagus, Barrett's epithelium and adenocarcinoma.
- A pathological study of tumour regression in oesophageal adenocarcinoma treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy.
- Rigid bronchoscopy and stenting for esophageal cancer causing airway obstruction.
- Photodynamic therapy for mucosal esophageal adenocarcinoma and dysplastic Barrett's esophagus.
- A phase II trial of preoperative combined-modality therapy for localized esophageal carcinoma: initial results.
- Protagonist: endoscopic surveillance of patients with Barrett's oesophagus.
- Antagonist: endoscopic surveillance of patients with Barrett's oesophagus.
- Familial aggregation of Barrett's oesophagus, oesophageal adenocarcinoma, and oesophagogastric junctional adenocarcinoma in
- Learning the relationship between smoking, drinking alcohol and the risk of esophageal cancer.
- [Study on family aggregation of esophageal cancer in Linzhou city]
- Modes of silencing of p16 in development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Table of Contents
1
UI - 12019505
AU - Immanuel A; Lamb PJ; Wayman J; Preston S; Griffin SM
TI -
Prevention of the neoplastic progression of Barrett's oesophagus by
argon beam plasma ablation (Br J Surg 2001;88:1357-62).
SO - Br J Surg 2002 May;89(5):626; discussion 626
2
UI - 11901927
AU - Trudgill N
TI -
Familial factors in the etiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease,
Barrett's esophagus, and esophageal adenocarcinoma.
SO - Chest Surg Clin N Am 2002 Feb;12(1):15-24
AD - Department of Gastroenterology, Sandwell General Hospital, West
Bromwich, West Midlands, United Kingdom.
nigel.trudgill@swellhot.wmids.nhs.uk
Familial aggregation of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms has been
established clearly in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease and
its complications. Preliminary reports of twin studies suggest that this
aggregation has a significant genetic component. A genetic
predisposition to gastroesophageal reflux may be expressed
phenotypically as disordered gastroesophageal motility and hiatus hernia
but these disorders may be secondary to chronic gastroesophageal reflux.
Linkage studies, the discovery of candidate genes for gastroesophageal
reflux, and their phenotypic expression are awaited with interest.
3
UI - 11901936
AU - Casson AG
TI -
Role of molecular biology in the follow-up of patients who have
Barrett's esophagus.
SO - Chest Surg Clin N Am 2002 Feb;12(1):93-111, ix-x
AD - Division of Thoracic Surgery, Dalhousie University, QE II Health Science
Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. alan.casson@dal.ca
At present, the follow-up of patients who have Barrett's esophagus (BE)
should occur within the setting of an endoscopic biopsy surveillance
program and with the frequency of surveillance as proposed by the
American College of Gastroenterology. In the future, patients who have
BE will be further stratified according to their risk for progression to
invasive carcinoma. This stratification will permit the development of
more rational surveillance programs. Models that incorporate
epidemiologic risk factors, reflux symptoms, and endoscopic and
histologic findings will likely include panels of biomarkers for further
stratification of patients as low, intermediate, or high risk.
Therefore, the challenge over the next decade will be to define the role
of molecular markers in endoscopic surveillance strategies and to
identify additional clinically relevant molecular markers for prognosis
as intermediate markers for chemoprevention and as molecular targets for
novel gene therapies.
4
UI - 11936261
AU - Goldblum JR; Lauwers GY
TI -
Dysplasia arising in barrett's esophagus: diagnostic pitfalls and
natural history.
SO - Semin Diagn Pathol 2002 Feb;19(1):12-9
AD - Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH 44195, USA. goldblj@ccf.org
Barrett's esophagus is a complication of chronic gastroesophageal reflux
disease and is defined as a change in the esophageal epithelium of any
length that can be recognized at endoscopy and is confirmed to have
intestinal metaplasia by biopsy. Esophageal ulcerations and stricture
are rarely seen, and the major complications of this disease are
epithelial dysplasia and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Dysplasia is felt to
represent the best currently available marker of increased cancer risk
in these patients. However, there are many pitfalls in the histologic
recognition of dysplasia, a particularly difficult problem in the face
of active inflammation in patients with ongoing reflux disease. The
recognition and grading of dysplasia is subject to significant
interobserver variability, particularly at the lower end of the
histologic spectrum (negative v indefinite for dysplasia v low-grade
dysplasia). High-grade dysplasia and to a lesser degree low-grade
dysplasia are markers of increased cancer risk, although their natural
history are difficult to determine. Up to 40% of patients with a
preoperative diagnosis of high-grade dysplasia have an adenocarcinoma in
their esophagectomy specimen. Despite this observation, there is still
debate as to whether esophagectomy or close endoscopic surveillance with
biopsy is the most appropriate and cost-effective way to manage these
patients. The search for more objective surrogate biomarkers that
recognize patients who are truly at risk of progressing along the
dysplasia-carcinoma sequence is underway. However, no biomarker has yet
proven to be superior to the histologic recognition of dysplasia in
identifying these high-risk patients.
5
UI - 11936262
AU - Dry SM; Lewin KJ
TI -
Esophageal squamous dysplasia.
SO - Semin Diagn Pathol 2002 Feb;19(1):2-11
AD - Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
Esophageal squamous dysplasia (ESD) appears to be the most important
precursor for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and this observation is
supported by early molecular findings. Pathologists in high incidence
areas of the world, such as China, frequently may encounter ESD during
surveillance cytology and biopsy screenings of high risk populations.
ESD in low risk areas, such as the United States, is more commonly seen
in esophagi resected for squamous cell carcinoma. As at other sites, ESD
can be graded histologically depending on the thickness of epithelial
involvement and cytologically based largely on nuclear size and
chromatin features. Most ESD lesions are endoscopically visible,
especially if the esophageal mucosa is sprayed with iodine, allowing for
directed biopsy. Several studies have shown that important differences
in histologic and cytologic diagnosis and grading exist between Western
pathologists and those in China or Japan. Despite these findings, the
risk of developing invasive SCC is closely correlated to the severity of
ESD encountered. Correct recognition of ESD thus is important.
6
UI - 12112555
AU - Chandra RK; Bentz BG; Haines GK 3rd; Robinson AM; Radosevich JA
TI -
Expression of glutathione s-transferase pi in benign mucosa, Barrett's
metaplasia, and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus.
SO - Head Neck 2002 Jun;24(6):575-81
AD - Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Northwestern
University Medical School, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Searle Bldg. 12-561,
Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA. j-radosevich@northwestern.edu
BACKGROUND: Glutathione s-transferase pi (GSTpi) is an enzyme that
provides cellular protection against redox-mediated damage by free
radicals, which have been implicated in carcinogenesis. METHODS:
Forty-three consecutive specimens from 19 patients were reviewed to
identify samples of squamous mucosa, Barrett's metaplasia,
adenocarcinoma, and peritumoral inflammation. Serial sections were
stained with an anti-GSTpi polyclonal antibody, and GSTpi expression was
quantified for each histologic group. RESULTS: GSTpi expression was
diminished in peritumoral mononuclear inflammatory cells (p <.001)
compared with squamous epithelium, Barrett's metaplasia, or
adenocarcinoma. Barrett's metaplasia exhibited decreased GSTpi
expression compared with squamous mucosa (p =.045). GSTpi expression by
>50% of adenocarcinoma cells was associated with an increased risk
(2.25x) of disease at last follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: GSTpi is prominently
expressed in esophageal squamous mucosa and adenocarcinoma. Mononuclear
cells may be susceptible to oxidative damage secondary to weak GSTpi
production. GSTpi may protect the tumor cells themselves from the
cytotoxic effects of free radicals. The biochemical role of GSTpi
expression in malignant transformation deserves further investigation.
Copyright 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
7
UI - 12170022
AU - Altorki N; Kent M; Ferrara C; Port J
TI -
Three-field lymph node dissection for squamous cell and adenocarcinoma
of the esophagus.
SO - Ann Surg 2002 Aug;236(2):177-83
AD - Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Weill Medical College, Cornell
University, New York, New York 10021, USA. nkaltork@med.cornell.edu
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of occult cervical nodal
metastases in patients with squamous cell cancer and adenocarcinoma of
the esophagus, and to determine the impact of esophagectomy with
three-field lymph node dissection on survival and recurrence rates.
SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Although esophagectomy with three-field lymph
node dissection is commonly practiced in Japan, its role in the surgical
management of esophageal cancer in the United States, especially in
patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma, is essentially unknown.
METHODS: This is a prospective observational study of esophagectomy with
three-field lymphadenectomy. Eighty patients underwent resection between
RESULTS: Hospital mortality and morbidity rates were 5% and 46%,
respectively. Metastases to the recurrent laryngeal and/or deep cervical
nodes occurred in 36% of patients irrespective of cell type
(adenocarcinoma 37%, squamous 34%) or location within the esophagus
(lower third 32%, middle third 60%). Overall 5-year and disease-free
survival rates were 51% and 46%, respectively. Sixty-nine percent
presented with nodal metastases. The 5-year survival rate for
node-negative patients was 88%; that for those with nodal metastases was
33%. The 5-year survival rate in patients with positive cervical nodes
was 25% (squamous 40%, adenocarcinoma 15%). CONCLUSIONS: Esophagectomy
with three-field lymph node dissection can be performed with a low
mortality and reasonable morbidity. Unsuspected metastases to the
recurrent laryngeal and/or cervical nodes are present in 36% of patients
regardless of cell type or location within the esophagus. Thirty percent
of patients were upstaged, mainly from stage III to stage IV. An overall
5-year survival rate of 51% suggests a true survival benefit beyond that
achieved solely on the basis of stage migration.
8
UI - 12170023
AU - Sato N; Koeda K; Ikeda K; Kimura Y; Aoki K; Iwaya T; Akiyama Y; Ishida
TI -
K; Saito K; Endo S
Randomized study of the benefits of preoperative corticosteroid
administration on the postoperative morbidity and cytokine response in
patients undergoing surgery for esophageal cancer.
SO - Ann Surg 2002 Aug;236(2):184-90
AD - Department of Surgery I, Iwate Medical University, School of Medicine,
Morioka, Japan. satonobu@iwate-med.ac.jp
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether preoperative corticosteroid
administration plays a role in attenuating postoperative morbidity.
SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: There is as yet no consensus on the beneficial
effects of steroids in alleviating surgical stress. METHODS: A total of
66 patients undergoing surgery for thoracic esophageal cancer were
randomly categorized preoperatively into two groups of 33 patients each.
One group was administered an intravenous infusion of methylprednisolone
(10 mg/kg body weight) 30 minutes before the surgery (MP group), while
the other group received a placebo infusion (control group). The primary
endpoint was organ system failure during the first 7 days after surgery.
Comparisons of surgery-related complications, cytokine responses, and
blood counts were also made between the two groups. RESULTS: The
percentage of patients in the MP group who had one or more organ system
failures was 33%, significantly lower than the corresponding percentage
of 61% in the control group. The surgery-related complication rate and
long-term survival rate were similar in the two groups. The peak plasma
levels of interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist, IL-6, and IL-8 were
significantly lower in the MP group than in the control group. Changes
in the plasma levels of IL-10 were significantly larger in the MP group.
No significant differences in the circulating lymphocyte and neutrophil
counts were observed between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: The results
suggest that prophylactic administration of corticosteroids is
associated with a decrease in postoperative morbidity in patients
undergoing invasive surgery. The laboratory data suggest that
corticosteroids may attenuate surgical stress-induced inflammatory
responses both directly by suppressing the release of proinflammatory
cytokines and via inducing IL-10 synthesis.
9
UI - 12190229
AU - Silverstein MD; Nietert PJ; Ye X; Lackland DT
TI -
Access to care and stage at diagnosis for patients with lung cancer and
esophageal cancer: analysis of the Savannah River Region Information
System cancer registry data.
SO - South Med J 2002 Aug;95(8):900-8
AD - Center for Health Care Research, Medical University of South Carolina,
Charleston 29425, USA.
BACKGROUND: Disparities have been observed in both the incidences of
lung and esophageal cancers and the survival of those patients. Our
goals were to determine if race was associated with stage of cancer at
diagnosis, and to identify predictors of advanced-stage lung and
esophageal cancers. METHODS: All cases of lung and esophageal cancer
between 1991 and 1995 in the Savannah River Region Information System
cancer registry were studied. Data were analyzed using logistic
regression to identify independent predictors of advanced disease at the
time of diagnosis. RESULTS: Among lung cancer patients, histology and
distance to nearest hospital predicted diagnosis at an advanced stage.
Residence in an area with a high proportion of Medicaid recipients was a
predictor of advanced stage in esophageal cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS:
In this predominantly rural area, decreased utilization of health
services was evident among older, poor, black, rural cancer patients.
Further investigation involving prospective data collection from cancer
patients is warranted.
10
UI - 11865692
AU - Cristofaro MG; Cafaro D; Lazzaro F; Onofrio L; Savino N; Macchione B;
TI -
Mauro P; Musella S
[Chromoendoscopy in the diagnosis of precancerous lesions of the
esophagus. Our experience]
SO - Ann Ital Chir 2001 Jul-Aug;72(4):405-9; discussion 409-11
AD - Facolta di Medicina e Chirurgia, Universita degli Studi di Catanzaro.
The elements of an unfavourable prognosis for oesophageal cancer are
frequent metastasis, high incidence of local recurrence and mainly the
difficulty of an early diagnosis. Alcohol, tobacco and precancerous
lesions are the most important risk factors of these tumours. According
to literature, the authors suggest the method of chromoendoscopy, with
vital staining by lugol or blue toluidine for endoscopic; guidance to
biopsy in the aimed screening of patients, whose habits--alcohol,
smoking--should cause, in time, the rising of lesions with neoplastic
potentiality. Endoscopy with bioptic test is the best diagnostic
investigation. In fact sensibility and specificity of these
investigations increase using this method with vital staining.
11
UI - 11918244
AU - Fontes PR; Nectoux M; Escobar AG; Eilers RJ; Davila AR
TI -
Is age a risk factor for esophagectomy?
SO - Int Surg 2001 Apr-Jun;86(2):94-6
AD - Surgical and Clinical Gastrointestinal Unit, Santa Casa Hospital and
Fundacao Faculdade Federal de Ciencias Medicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil.
prfontes@zaz.com.br
In recent years, the number of elderly patients with esophageal cancer
as well as the number submitted for esophageal resection has been
increasing. With respect to nutritional and pulmonary evaluations,
surgical staging, and mortality, 37 patients over the age of 65 who
underwent esophagectomy and simultaneous reconstruction were analyzed.
This group was compared statistically with a group of 162 patients
younger than 65 to determine whether age was a factor influencing
treatment and outcome. There was no statistical difference between the
groups relating to the described variables. Age should not be a limiting
factor when it comes to offering an aggressive surgical approach for the
esophageal cancer patient aged 65 or more. This approach can be
performed as safely in older patients as it is in younger patients, with
similar incidence of mortality.
12
UI - 11930294
AU - Haag C; Ehninger G
TI -
[Indications for chemotherapy in cancers of the esophagus, stomach and
pancreas]
SO - Z Gastroenterol 2002 Apr;40 Suppl 1():S68-S70
AD - Medizinische Klinik I, Universitatsklinikum Carl-Gustav-Carus der
Technischen Universitat Dresden, Germany. Haag@mkl.med.tu-dresden.de
During the last years the chemotherapy in osophageal, stomach and
pancreatic cancer demonstrated some success. Radiochemotherapy for
esophageal cancer is indicated as neoadjuvant therapy before surgery in
locally advanced cancer or in patients with other diseases, which do not
allow surgery. In stomach cancer patient there is a clear indication for
chemotherapy in metastatic disease and within clinical trials as
neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced cancer. In pancreatic
cancer patient the chemotherapy shows less success comparing to other
gastrointestinal cancer; it is part of the palliative concept with other
therapeutic strategies.
13
UI - 12055380
AU - Spector NM; Hicks FD; Pickleman J
TI -
Quality of life and symptoms after surgery for gastroesophageal cancer:
a pilot study.
SO - Gastroenterol Nurs 2002 May-Jun;25(3):120-5
AD - Loyola University Niehoff School of Nursing, Chicago, Illinois 60626,
USA. nspecto@luc.edu
Oncologic outcomes of gastroesophageal surgery may be similar, but
little is known about the impact on patients' postoperative symptom
experience and quality of life (QOL). The purpose of this pilot study
was to describe overall QOL and symptom experience of individuals who
underwent either total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy or
esophagogastrectomy for adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction.
The Gastroenterology Quality of Life Index (GQLI) and the Life After
Gastric Surgery (LAGS), developed by the investigators for measuring
symptom frequency, were used to measure variables of interest. The
sample (n = 27) had a relatively high QOL, but experienced difficulties
with eating patterns, physical functioning, socialization, and
happiness. There were significant differences between the two procedures
related to QOL and symptom frequency in that individuals who had the
total gastrectomy fared somewhat better. Further, patients who had
esophagogastrectomy had greater symptom frequency and significantly
poorer QOL. Although initially compelling, these data warrant further
investigation into the QOL and symptom impact in a more diverse
population of patients with cancer of the stomach or esophagus. These
results, however, suggest several areas where nursing interventions
could help these patients.
14
UI - 12096129
AU - Zhou G; Li H; DeCamp D; Chen S; Shu H; Gong Y; Flaig M; Gillespie JW; Hu
TI -
N; Taylor PR; Emmert-Buck MR; Liotta LA; Petricoin EF 3rd; Zhao Y
2D differential in-gel electrophoresis for the identification of
esophageal scans cell cancer-specific protein markers.
SO - Mol Cell Proteomics 2002 Feb;1(2):117-24
AD - Department of Biochemistry University of Texas Southwestern Medical
Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9038, USA.
The reproducibility of conventional two-dimensional (2D) gel
electrophoresis can be improved using differential in-gel
electrophoresis (DIGE), a new emerging technology for proteomic
analysis. In DIGE, two pools of proteins are labeled with
1-(5-carboxypentyl)-1'-propylindocarbocyanine halide (Cy3)
N-hydroxy-succinimidyl ester and
1-(5-carboxypentyl)-1'-methylindodi-carbocyanine halide (Cy5)
N-hydroxysuccinimidyl ester fluorescent dyes, respectively. The labeled
proteins are mixed and separated in the same 2D gel. 2D DIGE was applied
to quantify the differences in protein expression between laser capture
microdissection-procured esophageal carcinoma cells and normal
epithelial cells and to define cancer-specific and normal-specific
protein markers. Analysis of the 2D images from protein lysates of
approximately 250,000 cancer cells and normal cells identified 1038
protein spots in cancer cell lysates and 1088 protein spots in normal
cell lysates. Of the detected proteins, 58 spots were up-regulated by
>3-fold and 107 were down-regulated by >3-fold in cancer cells. In
addition to previously identified down-regulated protein annexin I,
tumor rejection antigen (gp96) was found up-regulated in esophageal
squamous cell cancer. Global quantification of protein expression
between laser capture-microdissected patient-matched cancer cells and
normal cells using 2D DIGE in combination with mass spectrometry is a
powerful tool for the molecular characterization of cancer progression
and identification of cancer-specific protein markers.
15
UI - 12147242
AU - Ishizuka T; Tanabe C; Sakamoto H; Aoyagi K; Maekawa M; Matsukura N;
TI -
Tokunaga A; Tajiri T; Yoshida T; Terada M; Sasaki H
Gene amplification profiling of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas by
DNA array CGH.
SO - Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002 Aug 9;296(1):152-5
AD - Genetics Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1,
Tsukiji 5-chome, Chuo-ku, 104-0045, Tokyo, Japan.
Gene amplification is one of the basic mechanisms that lead to
overexpression of oncogenes. DNA array comparative genomic hybridization
(CGH) has great potential for comprehensive analysis of both a relative
gene-copy number and altered chromosomal regions in cancers, which
enables us to identify new amplified genes and unstable chromosomal
loci. We examined the amplification status in 32 esophageal squamous
cell carcinomas (ESCCs) and 13 ESCC cell lines on 51 frequently
amplified loci in a variety of cancers by both DNA array CGH and
Southern blot analyses. The 1p34 locus containing MYCL1, 2p24 (MYCN),
7p12 (EGFR), and 12q14 (MDM2) were amplified in one of the 32 cases
(3%), and the 17q12 locus (ERBB2) and 8p11 (FGFR1) in two of the 32
cases (6%), while only the 11q13 locus (Cyclin D1, FGF4, and EMS1) was
frequently amplified (28%, 9/32), demonstrating this locus to be a major
target in ESCCs. One locus, 8q24 (c-MYC) was found to be amplified only
in the cell lines. Eight out of 51 loci (15.7%) were found to be
amplified in at least one of the 32 primary ESCCs or the 13 ESCC cell
lines, suggesting that chromosomal loci frequently amplified in a type
of human cancer may also be amplified in other types of cancers. This
paper is the first report of an application of DNA array CGH to ESCCs.
16
UI - 10206283
AU - Toh Y; Kuwano H; Mori M; Nicolson GL; Sugimachi K
TI -
Overexpression of metastasis-associated MTA1 mRNA in invasive
oesophageal carcinomas.
SO - Br J Cancer 1999 Apr;79(11-12):1723-6
AD - Division of Pathology, Clinical Research Institute, National Kyushu
Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan.
The MTA1 gene is a recently identified novel candidate breast cancer
metastasis-associated gene which has been implicated in the signal
transduction or regulation of gene expression. We examined the mRNA
expression levels of the MTA1, the human homologue of the rat mta1 gene
in 47 surgically resected oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas by
quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The
relative overexpression of MTA1 mRNA (tumour/normal ratio > or = 2) was
observed in 16 out of 47 (34.0%) oesophageal carcinomas. Oesophageal
tumours overexpressing MTA1 mRNA (T/N ratio > or = 2) showed
significantly higher frequencies of adventitial invasion (P < 0.05) and
lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05), and tended to have a higher rate of
lymphatic involvement than the remaining tumours. Thus, the data suggest
that the MTA1 gene might play an important role in invasion and
metastasis of oesophageal carcinomas.
17
UI - 12060035
AU - van Blankenstein M
TI -
Barrett's esophagus: so what!
SO - Dis Esophagus 2002;15(1):1-4
AD - Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University
Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. markvbla@xs4all.nl
18
UI - 12060037
AU - Kleeff J; Friess H; Liao Q; Buchler MW
TI -
Immunohistochemical presentation in non-malignant and malignant
Barrett's epithelium.
SO - Dis Esophagus 2002;15(1):10-5
AD - Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Bern,
Switzerland.
Barrett's esophagus, which is histologically characterized by
metaplastic columnar epithelium, is a common condition observed in
approximately 10-20% of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease.
These lesions can typically progress from metaplasia with atypia to
low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia, and adenocarcinoma. It is of
great clinical importance to correctly grade these lesions and to
identify changes with a high risk of malignant transformation, inasmuch
as high-grade dysplasias and early adenocarcinomas in patients with
Barrett's esophagus have a high chance for cure. The identification of
high-risk lesions in Barrett's esophagus by histologic evaluation has
drawbacks, especially regarding sampling errors and frequent intra- and
interobserver discrepancies in the histopathologic grading/staging of
these lesions. Immunostaining with a variety of antibodies provides a
better understanding of the process of malignant transformation and
helps to identify early markers of malignant transformation in Barrett's
esophagus lesions. In this review, we will summarize the current
knowledge about the value of immunostaining in the diagnosis of
malignant and non-malignant Barrett's epithelium and its role to better
define lesions with high risk for malignancy in this disorder.
19
UI - 12060038
AU - Wilson KT
TI -
Angiogenic markers, neovascularization and malignant deformation of
Barrett's esophagus.
SO - Dis Esophagus 2002;15(1):16-21
AD - Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, and Greenebaum
Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine and Veterans
Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore 21201, USA.
kwilson@umaryland.edu
The molecular events underlying progression of Barrett's esophagus to
adenocarcinoma remain an area of active investigation.
Neovascularization and angiogenesis have been studied in esophageal
adenocarcinomas by counting of microvessels after staining with vascular
markers, and by immunohistochemistry for vascular endothelial growth
factor. Angiogenesis appears to be increased early in the neoplastic
process, but has poor prognostic value. We have demonstrated that
expression levels of two important genes that regulate cell growth,
namely inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase
(COX)-2, are frequently upregulated in Barrett's esophagus and
associated adenocarcinomas. COX-2 expression may be related to reflux of
bile salts, which induce COX-2 expression in Barrett's tissues and
esophageal adenocarcinoma cells in vitro. COX-2 inhibition induces
apoptosis and blocks proliferation in COX-2-expressing esophageal
adenocarcinoma cells in vitro, and blocks angiogenesis in both in vivo
and in vitro models. Although controversial, recent evidence suggest
that iNOS-derived NO can inhibit angiogenesis in some model systems. In
conclusion, both iNOS and COX-2 appear to be involved in
Barrett's-associated neoplastic progression, but COX-2 inhibition is
more promising as a chemopreventive strategy. COX-2 inhibition may exert
beneficial effects by decreasing angiogenesis and epithelial
proliferation, and by facilitating apoptosis of epithelial cells that
have undergone DNA damage.
20
UI - 12060040
AU - Urosevic P; Kiroff GK
TI -
Ablation of Barrett's epithelium: the promise and the problems.
SO - Dis Esophagus 2002;15(1):30-8
AD - The University of Melbourne, Department of Clinical and Biomedical
Sciences, The Geelong Hospital, Victoria, Australia.
The incidence of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus has increased
dramatically over recent years. Because Barrett's epithelium is
recognized as a risk factor for adenocarcinoma there is an interest in
reversing this metaplasia. A number of endoscopic methods of destruction
of esophageal columnar epithelium have been described. The purpose of
this article is to review the currently available methods of managing
Barrett's epithelium with particular reference to the role of ablative
therapy in reducing the risk of adenocarcinoma.
21
UI - 12060041
AU - Lin OS; Mannava S; Hwang KL; Triadafilopoulos G
TI -
Reasons for current practices in managing Barrett's esophagus.
SO - Dis Esophagus 2002;15(1):39-45
AD - Division of Gastroenterology, Stanford University Medical Center,
California, USA. otto.lin@vmmc.org
We evaluated the reasons for current practices in managing Barrett's
esophagus. Using a questionnaire, we assessed the practices and beliefs
of 162 Californian gastroenterologists in managing Barrett's esophagus,
using descriptive statistics as well as multivariate logistic
regression. Out of the 103 respondents, 87% screened for Barrett's
esophagus in patients with > 12 months of reflux symptoms, but only 72%
believed that screening would improve survival, and 48% believed it to
be cost-effective. In total, 98% surveyed patients with long-segment
Barrett's esophagus at least biennially (76% thought this would improve
survival and 49% believed it to be cost-effective) and 82% surveyed
short-segment Barrett's esophagus at least biennially (57% thought this
would improve survival and 30% believed it to be cost-effective).
Finally, 44% surveyed microscopic intestinal metaplasia at least
biennially (26% thought this would improve survival and 11% believed it
to be cost-effective). In total, 18% performed endoscopic ablation,
whereas 3% referred patients with low-grade dysplasia and 85% referred
patients with high-grade dysplasia for esophagectomy. Finally, 81%
treated asymptomatic Barrett's esophagus patients with proton pump
inhibitors, but only 56% believed that this would reduce the risk of
cancer. Logistic regression showed that the only independent factor
predictive of surveillance practices was belief in efficacy. Practice
patterns tend to be more aggressive than those recommended by recent
guidelines and those reported by previous surveys. Medico-legal
considerations affect practice substantially.
22
UI - 12060045
AU - Kajiyama Y; Hattori K; Tomita N; Amano T; Iwanuma Y; Narumi K; Udagawa
TI -
H; Tsurumaru M
Histopathologic effects of neoadjuvant therapies for advanced squamous
cell carcinoma of the esophagus: multivariate analysis of predictive
factors and p53 overexpression.
SO - Dis Esophagus 2002;15(1):61-6
AD - First Department of Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine,
Tokyo, Japan. kaji@med.juntendo.ac.jp
In 97 patients (60, chemotherapy; 22, chemoradiotherapy; 15,
radiotherapy), histopathologic effects were evaluated microscopically,
and histologic response rates were compared among three neoadjuvant
treatment modalities. Predictive factors for neoadjuvant therapies were
analyzed by logistic regression, including the results of p53
immunohistochemical staining. In the chemoradiotherapy group, the
pathologic response rate was 86.4%, and was significantly higher than
that for chemotherapy (P < 0.0001) or for radiotherapy (P = 0.0031). In
patients with normal p53 protein expression, the histopathologic
response rate to chemotherapy was 20.0%, a higher rate than that for
patients with abnormal p53 overexpression. In the chemoradiotherapy or
radiotherapy group, however, the response rates were almost the same,
irrespective of p53 oncoprotein status. From multivariate analysis, the
neoadjuvant treatment modality itself was identified as the most
powerful predictive factor for the effect. Chemoradiotherapy had the
most powerful effect on advanced esophageal cancer, and p53 status did
not influence the clinical outcome in this group.
23
UI - 12060046
AU - Koide N; Nishio A; Hiraguri M; Kishimoto K; Nakamura T; Adachi W; Amano
TI -
J
Differences and relationships of thymidine phosphorylase expression in
tumor-associated macrophages and cancer cells in squamous cell carcinoma
of the esophagus.
SO - Dis Esophagus 2002;15(1):67-73
AD - Second Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine,
Matsumoto, Japan. surgery2@hsp.md.shinshu-u.ac.jp
Thymidine phosphorylase (TP), which has been shown to be identical to
platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor, is expressed in
tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) as well as cancer cells. The aim of
this study was to clarify the differences or relationships of TP
expression in TAMs and cancer cells in esophageal squamous cell
carcinoma (SCC). Tissues samples were taken from 56 patients with
esophageal SCC after curative surgery. The expression of TP in TAMs or
SCC cells was examined using a monoclonal antibody to TP (clone 654-1).
Microvessels in SCC that stained positively for Factor VIII-related
antigen were counted (microvessel density, MVD). Macrophages in SCC that
stained positively for CD68 antigen were counted (monocytic count).
Ki-67 antigen was immunostained with MIB-1, terminal deoxynucleotidyl
transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate biotin nick end labeling
was performed, and Ki-67 labeling index (LI) and apoptotic index were
calculated. The expression of TP in stromal cells and cancer cells was
observed in 43 (76.8%) and 33 patients (58.9%), respectively. There were
significant correlations between TP expression in stromal cells (TAMs)
as well as in cancer cells and venous invasion, distant metastasis, or
MVD. There was a correlation between TP expression in cancer cells and
lymph node metastasis, and there were correlations between TP expression
in TAMs and monocytic count or Ki-67 LI; however, there was no
correlation between TP expression in TAMs and lymph node metastasis. On
the other hand, in SCCs with TP expression in both TAMs and cancer
cells, higher frequencies of venous invasion and distant metastasis,
higher MVD and lower apoptotic index were observed than in other SCCs.
The 5-year survival rate in patients with TP expression in both TAMs and
cancer cells was poorer than that in patients with TP expression in
neither TAMs and cancer cell. In conclusion, these results suggest that
co-expression of TP in TAMs and cancer cells is strongly associated with
angiogenic promotion and distant metastasis. However, other effects of
TP, such as promotion of tumor growth and lymph node metastasis, may be
different depending on whether these are expressed in TAMs or cancer
cells in esophageal SCCs. Patients with coexpression of TP in TAMs and
cancer cells may be associated with a poor prognosis.
24
UI - 12060047
AU - Zhou Q; Dong Wang L; Du F; Zhou Y; Rui Zhang Y; Liu B; Wei Feng C; Gao
TI -
SS; Fan ZM; Yang CS; Zheng S
Changes of TGFbeta1 and TGFbetaRII expression in esophageal precancerous
and cancerous lesions: a study of a high-risk population in Henan,
northern China.
SO - Dis Esophagus 2002;15(1):74-9
AD - Laboratory for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou
University, Henan, People's Republic of China.
The level of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1) and
transforming growth factor betaII receptor (TGFbetaRII) was determined
immunohistochemically in normal tissues and tissues with different
severities of lesions (basal cell hyperplasia, BCH; dysplasia, DYS;
carcinoma in situ, CIS; and squamous cell carcinoma, SCC) from
surgically resected human esophagi and esophageal biopsies of
symptom-free subjects. The samples were from an area with high
esophageal cancer incidence in northern China (Linzhou, formerly
Linxian, and nearby county Huixian in Henan Province). Peroxidase
immunostain (ABC) and conventional hematoxylin and eosin stain were
used. The tissue sections were incubated with antibodies of TGFbeta1 and
TGFbetaRII overnight. The immunoreactivity was observed in cytoplasm of
the esophageal specimen. From normal to BCH to DYS to CIS and to SCC,
the positive immunostaining rates for TGFbeta1 increased significantly
(P < 0.05). A linear correlation between the positive immunostaining
rates of TGFbeta1 and the different lesions was observed (P < 0.05).
From well- to moderately- and poorly differentiated SCC, the positive
immunostaining rates for TGFbeta1 decreased gradually, but the
difference was not significant (P > 0.05). In contrast, with the lesions
progressing from normal to BCH to DYS to CIS and to SCC, the positive
immunostaining rates for TGFbetaRII decreased significantly (P < 0.05).
From well- to moderately- and poorly differentiated SCC, the positive
immunostaining rates for TGFbetaRII decreased significantly (P < 0.05).
There was a linear correlation between the positive rates of TGFbetaRII
and different lesions and SCC differentiation (P < 0.05). The present
results indicated that the alterations of TGFbeta1 and TGFbetaRII is a
frequent event in esophageal multistage carcinogenesis, the absent or
lower expression of TGFbetaRII may lead to the loss of cell
proliferation control by TGFbeta1 and the overexpression of TGFbeta1 may
be a negative feedback response caused by the lower expression of
TGFbetaRII protein.
25
UI - 12060048
AU - Dong Wang L; Bin Yue W; Zhou Y; Wei Feng C; Liu B; Zhou Q; Ying Jia Y;
TI -
Zheng S; Gao SS; Ji Xie X; Min Fan Z; Min Niou H; Hao Zhuang Z; Yang CS;
Min Bai Y; Jun Qi Y
Endoscopic screening and determination of p53 and proliferating cell
nuclear antigen in esophageal multistage carcinogenesis: a comparative
study between high- and low-risk populations in Henan, northern China.
SO - Dis Esophagus 2002;15(1):80-4
AD - Laboratory for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou
University, Henan, China. ldwang@371.net
The objective of this study was to characterize the histologic changes
from endoscopic screening for early esophageal cancer (EC) on subjects
at high-incidence area (HIA) and low-incidence area (LIA) in Henan,
China, and to further compare the changes in p53 and proliferating cell
nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the multistage of human esophageal
carcinogenesis from these two populations. The detection rate of basal
cell hyperplasia (BCH) and dysplasia (DYS) was higher in the subjects
from HIA than in those from LIA. Out of the 1568 symptom-free subjects
examined at HIA, 10 (0.6%) cases with early squamous cell carcinoma
(SCC) were identified. Immunoreactivity of p53 and PCNA was observed in
cell nuclei of esophageal biopsies and surgically resected esophageal
cancer specimens both in HIA and LIA. With the lesions progressed from
normal epithelium to BCH to DYS to SCC, the positive-immunostaining
cells expanded from basal layer to superficial layer, and the number of
positive cells/mm2 for p53 and PCNA increased, and was significantly
higher in HIA than in LIA among the similar morphological lesions (P <
0.01). The number of p53 positive cells/mm2 in SCC from HIA was almost
fivefold higher than SCC from LIA (P < 0.01). The remarkable difference
was also observed between HIA and LIA in DYS and BCH. The present
results indicate that p53 protein accumulation is an important early
biomarker for identifying high-risk subjects for EC.
26
UI - 12115874
AU - Gerber JK; Richter T; Kremmer E; Adamski J; Hofler H; Balling R; Peters
TI -
H
Progressive loss of PAX9 expression correlates with increasing
malignancy of dysplastic and cancerous epithelium of the human
oesophagus.
SO - J Pathol 2002 Jul;197(3):293-7
AD - Institute of Experimental Genetics, GSF-National Research Centre for
Cancer Types
Bone Cancer
Brain Tumors
Breast Cancer
Carcinoid Tumors
Endocrine System Cancers
Gastrointestinal Cancers
Gynecologic Cancers
Head and Neck Cancers
Leukemia
Lung Cancers
Lymphomas
Myelomas
Pediatric Cancers
Penile Cancer
Prostate Cancer
Sarcomas
Skin Cancers
Testicular Cancer
Thyroid Cancer
Urinary Tract Cancers
OncoLink Vet
Cancer Treatment
Biologic Therapy
Bone Marrow Transplants
Chemotherapy
Clinical Trials
Complementary Medicine
Gene Therapy
General Treatment Concerns
Hormone Therapy
PDT Center
Proton Therapy
Radiation Oncology
Surgical Oncology
Targeted Therapies
Vaccine Therapies
Cancer Support
Caregivers
Hospice Care and Bereavement
Nutrition and Cancer
Sexuality & Fertility
Side Effects
Support
Survivorship
Exercise and Cancer
Cancer Resources
Cancer News
OncoLink University
Nurses' Notes
Conferences
Newly Diagnosed Patients
Causes and Prevention
Legal and Financial Information for Patients
LGBT Resources
NCI Resources
Global Resources
Cancer Resource List
Resources for Young Adults
OncoLink Media Library
OncoLink TV
Book, Music and Video Reviews
Ask the Experts
Brown Bag Chat
Tracy's Corner
About OncoLink
About OncoLink
Giving to OncoLink
Contact Information
Usage Policy
Editorial Board
How to Partner with OncoLink
Link to OncoLink
Mission Statement
