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NCI CANCERLIT^® Search: Gastrointestinal Carcinoid Tumor - October 2002

National Cancer Institute^®
Last Modified: October 1, 2002

[Subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord. Significance of peripheral nerve involvement]
Mutations of RegIalpha are associated with enterochromaffin-like cell tumor development in patients with hypergastrinemia.
Clinical significance of angiogenesis in rectal carcinoid tumors.
Immunocytochemical localization of prohormone convertase 1/3 and 2 in gastrointestinal carcinoids.
Gastric carcinoids in a patient with pernicious anemia and familial adenomatous polyposis.

Table of Contents

1
UI - 4017364
AU - Shinotoh H; Kazahaya Y; Yamada T; Kita K; Hirayama K
TI - [Subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord. Significance of peripheral nerve involvement]
SO - Rinsho Shinkeigaku 1985 Mar;25(3):320-6

2
UI - 10348814
AU - Higham AD; Bishop LA; Dimaline R; Blackmore CG; Dobbins AC; Varro A;
TI - Thompson DG; Dockray GJ Mutations of RegIalpha are associated with enterochromaffin-like cell tumor development in patients with hypergastrinemia.
SO - Gastroenterology 1999 Jun;116(6):1310-8
AD - The Physiological Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: The RegIalpha gene (Reg) encodes a secretory protein proposed to regulate islet beta-cell and gastric mucous cell growth. Reg is expressed in rat gastric enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells. The aim of this study was to examine Reg expression in human corpus and to determine the identity of Reg in ECL cell carcinoid tumors in hypergastrinemic patients. METHODS: Reg messenger RNA (mRNA) abundance was quantified by Northern blot in extracts of gastric corpus from patients with and without ECL cell tumors and in AR4-2J cells stimulated by gastrin; cellular origins were determined by immunocytochemistry. Mutations of Reg were determined by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, cloning, and sequencing, and the mutated protein was expressed in HIT-T15 cells. RESULTS: Reg mRNA abundance was increased approximately threefold in the corpus of hypergastrinemic patients compared with controls, and was enriched in 3 of 7 ECL cell carcinoid tumors but not in non-endocrine cell gastric polyps. In AR4-2J cells, gastrin stimulated Reg mRNA abundance; this was eliminated by the gastrin/cholecystokinin B antagonist L-740,093 (10(-9) mol/L). Immunocytochemistry indicated that Reg was located in both chief cells and ECL cells in human corpus. Mutations of Reg were identified in 3 of 5 patients with ECL cell carcinoid tumors; in 2 cases, mutation of the initiator methionine residue led to exclusion of the protein from the secretory pathway. CONCLUSIONS: Gastrin regulates Reg mRNA abundance in human corpus. Mutations of Reg that prevent secretion are associated with ECL cell carcinoids, suggesting a function as an autocrine or paracrine tumor suppressor.

3
UI - 11956615
AU - Onogawa S; Tanaka S; Oka S; Morihara M; Kitadai Y; Sumii M; Yoshihara M;
TI - Shimamoto F; Haruma K; Chayama K Clinical significance of angiogenesis in rectal carcinoid tumors.
SO - Oncol Rep 2002 May-Jun;9(3):489-94
AD - Department of Endoscopy, Hiroshima University School of Medicine, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
This study was designed to examine angiogenesis in rectal carcinoid tumors in relation to the clinicopathologic features. Seventy-seven rectal carcinoid tumors were studied clinicopathologically and experimentally. Cellular proliferation and microvessel density (MVD) were examined immunohistochemically. We used the antibodies MIB-1 for Ki-67, DO7 for p53, and NU-4A1 for CD34 expression in this study. Ki-67 labeling index (LI) of all lesions was below 3%, and the median Ki-67 LI of all lesions was 0.68+/-0.70% (mean +/- SD). A correlation was recognized between tumor size, metastasis and Ki-67 LI (p<0.05). Median MVD of all lesions was 25.9+/-13.1 (mean +/- SD). MVD was correlated with the tumor size (p<0.01), presence of depression (p<0.01), lymphatic (p<0.01) or venous (p<0.05) invasion, and existence of metastasis (p<0.01). But there was no significant relationship between MVD and Ki-67 LI. p53 protein was detected sporadically in only 1 case (1.3%) demonstrating both liver and lymph node metastases. Rectal carcinoid tumors are slow-growing tumors with a lower proliferative activity. Angiogenesis plays an important role in progression of rectal carcinoid tumors independent of the cellular proliferative activity.

4
UI - 11579679
AU - Tomita T
TI - Immunocytochemical localization of prohormone convertase 1/3 and 2 in gastrointestinal carcinoids.
SO - Endocr Pathol 2001 Summer;12(2):137-45
AD - Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
Gastrointestinal carcinoids are derived from the diffuse intestinal endocrine system and may produce amines and many peptides, including serotonin, chromogranin A (CGA), and tachykinins. Most peptide hormones are synthesized as bigger prohormones, which are processed to smaller active hormones by prohormone convertases (PCs). A total of 35 cases of gastrointestinal carcinoids, including gastric, duodenal, small intestinal, appendiceal, and large intestinal carcinoids, were immunocytochemically stained for serotonin, CGA, and PC 1/3 and 2, in order to colocalize CGA and PCs in the carcinoids. All carcinoids were positive for CGA and PCs. Carcinoids that stained strongly for CGA were generally weakly stained for PCs and those weakly staining for CGA were more strongly stained for PCs in the majority of the small and large intestinal tumors. Gastrointestinal carcinoids were positive for CGA and PCs, and the presence of PCs may suggest that the conversion of peptide prohormones to smaller peptide hormones occurs in gastrointestinal carcinoids. PCs immunocytochemistry may be added as a new phenotypic characterization for gastrointestinal carcinoids.

5
UI - 12192202
AU - Rybalov S; Kotler DP
TI - Gastric carcinoids in a patient with pernicious anemia and familial adenomatous polyposis.
SO - J Clin Gastroenterol 2002 Sep;35(3):249-52
AD - Division of Gastroenterology, St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, New York, USA. srybalov@pol.net
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is associated with upper gastrointestinal adenomas and adenocarcinomas. A carcinoid tumor in the base of a duodenal adenoma in a patient with FAP was documented only once before. We report a patient with FAP who has multiple gastric carcinoids plus pernicious anemia as a coexisting disease. Genetic analysis and studies of other FAP patients are necessary to establish whether an association exists between FAP and carcinoid tumors. Optimal management of this type of gastric carcinoid is uncertain.

The above citations and abstracts reflect those newly added to CANCERLIT for the month and topic listed in the title. The citations have been retrieved from CANCERLIT using a predefined search strategy of indexed subject terms. Although the search strategy has been refined as best as possible, citations may appear that are not directly related to the topic, and occasionally relevant references may be omitted.

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