What is sterility?

Sterility is when a woman is unable to get pregnant, or a man is unable to get a woman pregnant. Cancer and cancer treatment may cause sterility. Sterility can be:

A side effect of surgery or radiation therapy that affects reproductive organs or organs that make hormones.
Caused by chemotherapy or hormonal therapy.

Sterility can be temporary (lasts a short period of time) or permanent (does not go away). The risk of sterility depends on things like your age, the medications you got (dose and how long), if you had radiation or surgery, and, for women, ovarian health before starting treatment.

If you are in your childbearing years or younger, you should talk with a fertility specialist to learn how to manage reproductive issues before starting treatment. Your plan may include:

For women:
- Removing and storing eggs or embryos.
- Removing and storing ovarian tissue that can be put back into the body after treatment.
- Moving the ovaries to another part of the belly or shielding (protecting) them from radiation treatment.
For men:
- Sperm banking.
- Removing testicular tissue to be put back into the body after treatment is done.
- Shielding (protecting) the testicles from radiation.

How is sterility managed?

Talk to your providers before starting treatment. Most oncologists suggest you wait for one to two years after treatment has ended before becoming pregnant or fathering a child. This allows your body and eggs or sperm to start to recover from damage caused during treatment. A fertility specialist can talk with you about your options before treatment starts or check your fertility health after treatment.

When should I contact my care team?

Talk with your care team about your concerns and desire to have children. Talking about options before starting treatment offers the best chance of future fertility.