Dry mouth, also called xerostomia, can be a side effect of radiation therapy to the head and neck area or by medications used to treat cancer or side effects. Patients getting radiation to the head and neck may have a change in how saliva is made and the quality of saliva. Radiation and chemotherapy can cause irritation that leads to more saliva being made. The saliva tends to be thicker and some patients say it feels hard to control. After treatment, the extra saliva goes away, and the mouth becomes dry. This can be a temporary side effect that may or may not go away.
Having a dry mouth may affect speech, taste, ability to swallow, and the use of dentures. Patients may say their mouths feel sore or burning. Dry mouth may also mean having cracked lips, and fissures (splits) in the corners of the lips. Normal saliva has enzymes that protect the teeth and gums from bacteria, keeping them healthy. Having less saliva increases the risk of:
The extent of dry mouth is based on the radiation technique used, and the dose of radiation received by the salivary glands. Radiation techniques are aimed at preventing or reducing dry mouth. With these techniques, the salivary gland on the side opposite of the cancer receives a lower dose of radiation; therefore, loss of salivary function may be less and may get better quicker after treatment is done.
If you have a dry mouth, there are things you can do to help manage it. Try these tips:
Dry mouth can be a challenging side effect to deal with daily. Contact your care provider for help with managing this side effect.
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